https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog daily 0.75 2026-02-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1571079044151-44O66ODN6DN8H9RSXNDS/Template-ENG+2.jpg Blog ENG https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/the-bizarro-world-of-eliadology-badea monthly 0.5 2026-02-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/95b86f8f-c497-4f53-a05b-c64fb7bb846c/IMG_20260214_084828101.jpg Blog ENG - The Bizarro World of Eliadology: An Extended Commentary on Gabriel Badea’s “Mircea Eliade, între tradiţionalism şi modernism. Posteritatea critică în Italia” (2022) - Make it stand out The cover of Badea’s Mircea Eliade, între tradiţionalism şi modernism. Posteritatea critică în Italia (2022). SOURCE: private collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/da784689-09c8-4d9e-b7e7-bfa86fa206d3/Bizarro-World-and-Code-of-ethics.JPG Blog ENG - The Bizarro World of Eliadology: An Extended Commentary on Gabriel Badea’s “Mircea Eliade, între tradiţionalism şi modernism. Posteritatea critică în Italia” (2022) - Make it stand out The Bizarro Code. SOURCE: ScreenRant. © DC Comics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2988d100-a8ba-4199-b31d-7eb6dd908489/s-l1600.jpg Blog ENG - The Bizarro World of Eliadology: An Extended Commentary on Gabriel Badea’s “Mircea Eliade, între tradiţionalism şi modernism. Posteritatea critică în Italia” (2022) - Make it stand out The cover of Action Comics #263 (April 1960). SOURCE: eBay. © DC Comics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/08e73f77-107a-4011-8e54-be5cb11a6313/Immagine+2026-02-14+150937.png Blog ENG - The Bizarro World of Eliadology: An Extended Commentary on Gabriel Badea’s “Mircea Eliade, între tradiţionalism şi modernism. Posteritatea critică în Italia” (2022) - Make it stand out The cover of Köprülü’s Influence du chamanisme turco-mongol sur les ordres mystiques musulmans (Köprülü 1929). SOURCE: Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/10dadeb8-fc25-431d-b2b5-5eaea6d2ed17/100_0433.JPG Blog ENG - The Bizarro World of Eliadology: An Extended Commentary on Gabriel Badea’s “Mircea Eliade, între tradiţionalism şi modernism. Posteritatea critică în Italia” (2022) - Make it stand out Cover of Laviosa Zambotti’s magnum opus (Laviosa Zambotti 1947). SOURCE: archival photograph from my personal collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/d45d5d85-01ae-4f3c-8baa-8f41fc6b47bb/1947_Origini+e+dffusione+della+cultura_P.Laviosa+Zambotti%28c%292010+L.+Ambasciano.jpg Blog ENG - The Bizarro World of Eliadology: An Extended Commentary on Gabriel Badea’s “Mircea Eliade, între tradiţionalism şi modernism. Posteritatea critică în Italia” (2022) - Make it stand out The diffusion of agricultural civilisation from a single point of origin according to Laviosa Zambotti. It should be noted that this thesis has since been falsified, as agriculture developed independently at more than a dozen sites worldwide. More info about Laviosa Zambotti’s thesis is available here. LEGEND: I. Egyptian centre of origin; II. Derived Iberian centre; III. Derived Nordic centre; IV. Derived Nubian centre; V. Congolese-Guinean ethnographic culture; 1. Babylonian-Elamite centre of origin; 2. Derived Indus centre; 3. Derived Trans-Caspian centre; 4. Derived Aegean centre; 5. Derived Balkan centre; 6. Derived Central European centre; 7. Derived Caucasian centre; 8. Derived Chinese centre; 9. Derived Indochinese centre; 10. Indonesian ethnographic sphere; 11. Melanesian ethnographic sphere; 12. Polynesian ethnographic sphere; 13. Aztec-Inca ethnographic sphere; 14. Amazonian ethnographic sphere; 15. Mississippian ethnographic sphere. Reworked from Laviosa Zambotti 1947: map no. 1, illustrated plates outside the main text. Map from Wikimedia Commons, modified. Author’s work, 2016. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/a9ad3a4f-3643-49a3-9314-9a4e2661371e/superman-423-06.jpg Blog ENG - The Bizarro World of Eliadology: An Extended Commentary on Gabriel Badea’s “Mircea Eliade, între tradiţionalism şi modernism. Posteritatea critică în Italia” (2022) - Make it stand out “It didn’t make any sense at all, even by Bizarro standards…”. Bizarro’s self-destructive rampage in Superman #423. SOURCE: Tom Brevoort’s blog. © DC Comics. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/ad-philologum-a-reply-to-gregory-d-alles monthly 0.5 2025-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/389ed8f5-f2dd-4339-b4dd-c4a96f6beaac/IMG_20251206_180652835.jpg Blog ENG - Ad Philologum: A Reply to Gregory D. Alles - Make it stand out The cover of Studying the Religious Mind. SOURCE: personal collection. © Equinox. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2712701e-6b64-4147-8dc7-f1f833f7a210/Immagine+2025-11-28+182939.png Blog ENG - Ad Philologum: A Reply to Gregory D. Alles - Make it stand out See? That wasn’t difficult to find online, was it? SOURCE:Journal of Cognitive Historiography. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/roubekas-the-2024-review-redux monthly 0.5 2025-10-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/d5bf3796-e4a0-4b07-8241-9ab316655b9c/9781350336247.jpg Blog ENG - Nickolas Roubekas' "The Study of Greek and Roman Religions" (2024): The Review Redux - Make it stand out The front cover of Roubekas’ The Study of Greek and Roman Religions (2024). Source: Bloomsbury. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/the-disneyfication-of-peter-parker monthly 0.5 2026-03-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7a313de4-7dad-411d-ba34-caea0eee8382/2025-07-02+182858.png Blog ENG - The Disneyfication of Peter Parker - Make it stand out Marvel/Disney: What If Goofy Became Spider-Man? #1. Cover by Francesco D’Ippolito. Source: AITP. © 2025 Disney/Marvel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2f4a816c-9279-43d3-9455-93f2b661dfe8/Vol04-Cover06+ritaglio.jpeg Blog ENG - The Disneyfication of Peter Parker - Make it stand out L’Uomo Ragno #185: the first Italian edition of Amazing Spider-Man #400, which also included Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man #222, Web of Spider-Man vol 1 #123, and “The Cycle of Life” from The Spectacular Spider-Man Super Special (1995). Cover by Mark Bagley and Larry Mahlstedt. SOURCE: private collection. © 1996 Marvel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2c1cf42a-2a2d-46a6-8eba-935c5a652deb/SPECIALE+IL+MATRIMONIO+_+300+new.JPG Blog ENG - The Disneyfication of Peter Parker - Make it stand out Definitely not the “best Platonic ideal” according to post-2000s Marvel editorship. Cover from the first Italian collected edition of The Amazing Spider-Man #290-292 and The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #21: Speciale L’Uomo Ragno 2, Star Comics, 1991; variant cover by Bill Sienkiewicz. SOURCE: personal collection. © 1991 Marvel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c981798d-1d32-45e4-b765-d1bba7a38ccc/IMG_20260128_121005351_HDR.jpg Blog ENG - The Disneyfication of Peter Parker - Make it stand out The US trade paperback edition of Marvel & Disney: What If… ?. Cover by Andrea Freccero and Lucio Ruvidotti. SOURCE: private collection. © 2025 Disney/Marvel. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/91b9a235-4250-44c2-9120-bfb49472cf7b/topolino_zanchi_celoni2.png Blog ENG - The Disneyfication of Peter Parker - Make it stand out Two emotional vignette (panels) from the recent Italian Disney production: Paperino (Donald Duck) longing for a lost and impossible love (left), and mourning the disappearance and possible death of a family member (right). SOURCES: (left) Alex Bertani, Vito Stabile, and Stefano Zanchi. 2022. L’ultima avventura di Reginella. Topolino Extra - Graphic Novel 12i. Modena: Panini Comics, p. 27 (originally published in Topolino #3430, 18 August 2021); (right) Fabio Celoni (colours by Alessandra Amorotti and Luca Merli; colour supervision by F. Celoni), “Paperone in Atlantide”, in Topolino #3661, 21 January 2026, p. 35. SOURCE: private collection. © 2025 Disney/Panini Comics. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/academia-sure-is-weird monthly 0.5 2025-03-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/abcf0804-bb8c-4b6f-9003-16cfa843d609/Immagine+2025-02-15+113605.png Blog ENG - Academia sure is weird - Make it stand out SOURCE: logo from the Reading Religion website. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/captains-log-stardate-summer-2024 monthly 0.5 2025-01-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419332659-GHP0E4Q1DHQG5XTQKVHK/Diapositiva1.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419333853-ODZGMMZ15BFLR2TLOYSQ/Diapositiva2.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419335342-LIO8U6ZFSU4ZCS5C5ROX/Diapositiva3.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419337338-PPPKYGQBVM5KCG20UE80/Diapositiva4.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419338070-GNVT8WCBE080USEBQMSC/Diapositiva5.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419338922-KJ3L2FXHF79BZSETSMXW/Diapositiva6.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419342251-17BRKXT3WUQ2FRAAUQ9Z/Diapositiva7.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419342862-WSB2Z9AP4RYB3IZVY6HX/Diapositiva8.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419346619-9XFEHQ73OCFI9CDA3P0E/Diapositiva9.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736419345803-REFYGPVMTZ4ZDXJ7KC5M/Diapositiva10.PNG Blog ENG - 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Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736616673727-HNB05FRKO35PUU7PDCGB/Diapositiva12.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1736616675822-3XE75YM4Z04SEJF198C1/Diapositiva13.PNG Blog ENG - Captain’s log, Supplemental – Ligurian Summer 2024 https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/crop-circles-and-scraped-palimpsests-as-well-as-a-note-on-superman-movies-weird-passages-from-claire-whites-an-introduction-to-the-cognitive-science-of-religion monthly 0.5 2025-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/bbad9ccd-bfa2-418f-a7d9-7ba08ea435e4/IMG_20241211_151449866.jpg Blog ENG - Crop circles, Superman Movies, and scraped palimpsests: Weird passages from Claire White’s “An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion” - Make it stand out The cover of Claire White’s An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion: Connecting Evolution, Brain, Cognition, and Culture. The image depicted on the cover is a “full brain tractography with artistic color” (from the back cover). The fact that a book about cognition presents itself to the readers with a neuroimaging picture is problematic, to say the least. See text for details. Source: personal collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/9c8c14b9-41f1-4148-bffa-3c5ea7371f3a/IMG_20241211_153958088.jpg Blog ENG - Crop circles, Superman Movies, and scraped palimpsests: Weird passages from Claire White’s “An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion” - Make it stand out Fig. 1. Crop circles from White (2021): 116. Relevant text is featured on the previous page. Please note that Justin Barrett’s Hyperactive Agency Detection Device (or HADD) cited in the page shown above has failed to be replicated in lab conditions, and is now considered a “zombie theory”. As recently summarised by Will Gervais, “despite repeated empirical failures, you can still see HADD cited in the scientific literature. Nobody cites a compelling empirical result (presumably because there aren’t any). Instead, people tend to cite older review and conceptual papers that discussed HADD as if it were settled science, rather than an idea still awaiting evidence” (Gervais 2024: 98). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/f7e85d76-f305-4a60-9ada-44cf791f0821/IMG_20230227_181108753.jpg Blog ENG - Crop circles, Superman Movies, and scraped palimpsests: Weird passages from Claire White’s “An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion” - Make it stand out FIg. 2. The image chosen to illustrate Schtulman’s point is an unrepresentative mess, just like the quality of my picture. Sorry. Source: White 2021: 119. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/truth-justice-and-the-monthly-floppy monthly 0.5 2024-02-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/83f2b87c-4e8b-4bc1-9b82-53b24509f1ee/lf+2.jpg Blog ENG - Truth, Justice, and the Monthly Floppy - Make it stand out Fig. 1. The cover of Superman #1 (1939), with art by Joe Shuster, graded and slabbed by CGC. See text for details. © DC Comics /Heritage Auctions. Source: Heritage Auctions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/d5fce81a-1667-4ec7-8e1c-e41052ac63bd/Supreme+Superman+%231+variant+covers+2.jpg Blog ENG - Truth, Justice, and the Monthly Floppy - Make it stand out Fig. 2. Variant covers for Supreme #41 (1996). Art by Joe Bennet (left) and Jerry Ordway (right) © Terrific Production. Source: Alan Moore’s Forgotten Awesome. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/ligurian-dreams monthly 0.5 2025-07-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/29cce0e5-3714-4561-bd34-cc69d8db9a93/IMG_20221108_134221732_PORTRAIT.jpg Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams - Make it stand out The gods had a dream, and the dream’s name was Liguria. Dolceacqua (Liguria, Italy). 2023 Leonardo Ambasciano (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/d5bfa14e-a7ff-4177-824f-495d4c59e027/devoto.jpg Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams - Make it stand out When I was 11 years old, my mum gave me for Christmas the reprint of a 1968 Italian etymological dictionary. A politically correct way of saying stop pestering your mother, for crying out loud! Alas, no Ligurian in sight here, except for the odd loanword like camallo or mugugno. 2023 Leonardo Ambasciano (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/a9e42e8a-3c58-4554-aad7-45011ec187ec/IMG_20230524_151819326%7E2.jpg Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams - Make it stand out Major linguistic families in the Italic peninsula. Please note that this map is not the territory: this is a simplified cartographic representation that ignores important local variations, relevant variants, non-Romance languages, and several additional isoglosses for the sake of the bigger picture. Also, please note that not all linguists agree on the Tuscan affinities of Corsican, and that the Central Italian Romanesco “dialect” (spoken in the metropolitan city of Rome) has been heavily influenced by Tuscan since the 16th century. Source: Lee (2000: 176). Note: on the rather peculiar position occupied by Ligurian among the Northern Italic “dialects”, see Toso 2009b: 18-20. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/24e56578-2595-4b10-8ffb-41afc0960e81/esercizi+lingua+italiana.jpg Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams - Make it stand out Dominance (our official language) and subordination (your informal dialect) in action: “The teacher should bear in mind that these little manuals should not be used to teach the dialects [‘i dialetti’], which the students already know perfectly, but to teach the language [‘la lingua’] through it.” From Teresa Giaimo’s Translation Exercises from the Ligurian Dialects: Genoese (1924: 5), my emphasis. Source: Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2b0bdb00-7b71-4d34-ae7e-f7daca3e1cd9/Migliorini.jpg Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams - Make it stand out My father’s partially destroyed copy of Bruno Migliorini and Ignazio Baldelli’s Breve storia della lingua italiana. Florence: Sansoni (3rd edition, 1967). I basically saved it from the trash bin more than twenty years ago, because it didn’t seem like he cared much anymore. 2023 Leonardo Ambasciano (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/284cb4e9-328e-4896-bb01-b6a05d4e5bc5/IMG_20221020_161538795+vers+2.jpg Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams - Make it stand out On Thursday 20 October 2022, while visiting Arenzano, near Genoa, I came across this death notice on a wall, announcing the funeral of probably the most important academic scholar of Ligurian language and literature, Prof. Fiorenzo Toso. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) 2023 Leonardo Ambasciano. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1669823491072-JWWD7107IBTF8LB5MGNC/Diapositiva1.JPG Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1669823491071-KHXI3YFZ49S99T67EU0B/Diapositiva2.JPG Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1669823493325-70O5UBRV37AGSJYL8CGI/Diapositiva3.JPG Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1669823493468-CJX1MNI4AE0RICCRNNJ7/Diapositiva4.JPG Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1669823495448-SXQX72V2M4CFC439NGZV/Diapositiva5.JPG Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1669823495430-FWCHHHB98ZB2VD2IJWUN/Diapositiva6.JPG Blog ENG - Ligurian Dreams https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1669823496763-O1VCKS3HS5O5PQ7CTUZG/Diapositiva7.JPG Blog ENG - 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The toxic legacy of Michael Crichton - Make it stand out “I’m telling you, this is the way modern society works – by the constant creation of fear.” The cover of Michael Crichton’s fourteenth novel, State of Fear (2004), courtesy of my local library. London: HarperCollins (cit. from Prof. Hoffman’s tirade on p. 456). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/bb06f9fd-1243-4f0f-b571-ad17ae34364e/Immagine+2023-02-13+125636.jpg Blog ENG - The toxic legacy of Michael Crichton - Make it stand out This interview has aged like cheese. Charlie Rose (right) grills Michael Crichton (left) on his climate change-denialist novel State of Fear. Aired on ABC, 19 February 2007, 28’09’’. Source: charlierose.com. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/the-end-of-the-jurassic-world monthly 0.5 2025-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/122b894e-492e-49be-b339-2cf150ff23e0/jurassic_world_ver5_xlg+cadillacs+and+dinosaurs.jpg Blog ENG - The End of the (Jurassic) World - Make it stand out Cadillacs and Dinosaurs!? Nope, wrong franchise. Jurassic World release poster (2015). © Universal Studios and Amblin Entertainment, Inc. Source: IMP. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/0f475087-2a82-4848-b7da-3a27b4ecb427/dinorenaissance+stuziomimo.jpg Blog ENG - The End of the (Jurassic) World - Make it stand out Feathered dinosaurs in pre-Jurassic Park pop culture: a sample. Clockwise, from top left: Syntarsus (top left) and Avimimus (top right), “Dino-Swap” card game. Source: private collection. ©1992 Orbis Publishing; Struthiomimus action figure (bottom right, modified) and toy box artwork (bottom left). Dino-Riders toyline. © 1988 Tyco. Source: Dinoridersworld.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/95d00587-ac71-4ee6-8cf4-21ac52bbda9a/Immagine+2023-02-13+104002.jpg Blog ENG - The End of the (Jurassic) World - Make it stand out In a reply dated 10 June 2013, Trevorrow also promised to deliver “both science and fiction”. Source: Twitter. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/221c0d60-28f6-4616-909c-ef4f0b93689a/Immagine+2023-02-13+105312.jpg Blog ENG - The End of the (Jurassic) World - Make it stand out Instagramozoic. Jurassic World Official Trailer, 25 November 2014.© Universal Studios and Amblin Entertainment, Inc. Source: YouTube. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/03edab2b-104e-44f5-873e-3c22d9f95835/Immagine+2023-02-13+110502.jpg Blog ENG - The End of the (Jurassic) World - Make it stand out “You didn’t ask for reality, you asked for more teeth.” Indominus rex toy. © Hasbro. Source: ScreenRant. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/6a7e5ed3-20e8-47cd-8c64-f160e1fd7978/IMG_20230213_120935755+new.jpg Blog ENG - The End of the (Jurassic) World - Make it stand out Sinosauropteryx prima, “the feathered dinosaur recently discovered in China, lends additional credence to the hypothesis of a close relationship between dinosaurs and birds. Illustration by Michael Skrepnick.” Text from Currie and Padian (1997): iv. © 1997 Academic Press/Elsevier. For an overview of the current knowledge about this dinosaur (and its astonishing coloured coat) see Benton 2021: 28-41. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7534c6b4-88c5-473f-b915-0249d6657393/IMG_20230213_140404506.jpg Blog ENG - The End of the (Jurassic) World - Make it stand out My copies of Crichton’s dinosaur novel: the English one (right; London: Arrow, 1991), and the third italian reprint (left; Milan: Garzanti, June 1993). If I recall correctly, I might have read the Italian edition in the summer of ’93, well before the movie came out on 12 September. I was 9 years old and already a longtime dinophile. Private collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c2f77c67-ca1a-4ca5-8578-f873fbc6c4b5/Stegoceratops.jpg Blog ENG - The End of the (Jurassic) World - Make it stand out Ceci n’est pas un dinosaure. Stegoceratops. © Hasbro. Source: Empire. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/a-riposte-to-ungureanus-review-of-an-unnatural-history-of-religions monthly 0.5 2023-02-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/eee5cb0a-7935-44ed-b276-1db39856fbd6/IMG_20220731_114956361_PORTRAIT%7E2.jpg Blog ENG - A Riposte to James C. Ungureanu’s Review of “An Unnatural History of Religions” (2019) - Make it stand out Some remarkable works published by Carl Sagan (1934-1996). Personal collection. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Leonardo Ambasciano. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/a-historians-homage-to-spider-man monthly 0.5 2022-05-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/16c31fa0-5aa2-40f4-81cd-85fb53e18a4f/Finale+UR.jpg Blog ENG - A Historian’s Homage to Spider-Man - Make it stand out Fig. 1. A selection of Spider-Man masks, 1963-2011. Unskillfully retraced after the original artworks by Leonardo Ambasciano. Sources and authors listed in the Appendix. Fair use disclaimer: the images are used as the irreplaceable source of data discussed in the article for academic purposes. Spider-Man™ © 2022 Marvel Characters, Inc. All Rights Reserved. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7e7c9f74-52e2-4050-a94a-61f6afeef516/mickey.jpg Blog ENG - A Historian’s Homage to Spider-Man - Make it stand out Fig. 2. Left: the cover of Natural History from May 1979. Source: The Disney resource index (DIX); right: “Mickey Mouse Meets Konrad Lorenz” (1979), 2019 postcard from Mickey Mouse Museum reproducing the same image used by Stephen J. Gould in his Natural History article. Gould’s sample of the three stages in Mickey Mouse's development consisted of the middle figure in the top row plus the middle figure and the first figure from the right in the bottom row. Personal collection. © Disney Enterprises, Inc. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2e4eb835-215c-4747-986b-74e33e4290e4/yodabambi.PNG Blog ENG - A Historian’s Homage to Spider-Man - Make it stand out Fig. 3. Left: the star of The Mandalorian TV series: Grogu, a.k.a. “Baby Yoda”. © LucasFilm, 2019. Source: Wikipedia; right: Bambi (left), Flower (middle), and Thumper (right) – three characters with exaggeratedly cute facial features, from the theatrical trailer for Bambi (1942). © Disney. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/4d4ec55e-2b3a-4be9-85ac-480e8106795b/Parker+3.PNG Blog ENG - A Historian’s Homage to Spider-Man - Make it stand out Fig. 4. Jack Kirby’s cover for Amazing Fantasy #15 (August 1962). Metal poster art, personal collection. Marvel Legends #1 (2018). © Marvel https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/a0e3da06-986e-4bde-9131-7db83017dcca/rapporto_anno+Spider-Man.PNG Blog ENG - A Historian’s Homage to Spider-Man - Make it stand out Fig. 5. Correlation between year and ratio (ρ=0.72, p<0.0001). Graphic design and data elaboration by Andrea Cau. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/dd129d43-e49d-4e44-9153-fe5816925782/IMG_20220514_122423849.jpg Blog ENG - A Historian’s Homage to Spider-Man - Make it stand out Fig. 6. DVD covers of two Spider-Man animated series. Notice the striking neotenous features of The Spectacular Spider-Man (first aired in 2008; on the right) compared to the more adult attributes of Spider-Man: The Animated Series (first aired in 1994; on the left). Personal collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/d401b0bd-46b5-4cfb-a1b7-dcdeef8d2811/lucas+spiders.png Blog ENG - A Historian’s Homage to Spider-Man - Make it stand out Fig. 7. Left: Getty Images search, “cute spider” screenshot. Right: Lucas the Spider. Source: Wikipedia. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/my-j-z-smith-is-a-pheneticist monthly 0.5 2022-05-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/ff4143d1-a9c8-4eb3-b698-6165216082a1/Linnaeus1758-title-page.jpg Blog ENG - My J. Z. Smith is a pheneticist (sort of) - Title page of the 10th edition of Systema naturæ “Linnaeus gave us a way of talking about the diversity of grasses” (Jonathan Z. Smith in Sinhababu 2008). Title page of the 10th edition of Systema naturæ (1758) by Carl Linnaeus. Göttingen State and University Library, signature <8 H NAT I, 7105 <10>:1>. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/b57b9a7a-35e0-4eeb-b71c-f51940d265a5/TRONDHEIM2019.PNG Blog ENG - My J. Z. Smith is a pheneticist (sort of) - Make it stand out An unsuccessful submission. Smh. Leonardo Ambasciano, late 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/b59b42d8-e620-4fa4-bf1a-b441537ee64f/254075049_77a2787277_k.jpg Blog ENG - My J. Z. Smith is a pheneticist (sort of) - Make it stand out Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) on butterfly weed, a member of the milkweed family of flowering plants. Source: Martin La Bar, 2006 (CC BY-NC 2.0), Flickr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c41af7e5-f003-4a26-8895-cf9fc24f5cae/Phenetics+_+Seshat2.png Blog ENG - My J. Z. Smith is a pheneticist (sort of) - Make it stand out How the “theory-free” numerical taxonomy of phenetics worked. Diagram © Leonardo Ambasciano, after Sokal and Sneath 1963: xviii (“phenons” are taxonomic groups of organisms established on the basis of their overall similarity). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1e22fb6c-1e2b-49ad-86d1-e2785bcea0a9/thuna.jpg Blog ENG - My J. Z. Smith is a pheneticist (sort of) - Make it stand out Body plans do lie: this is NOT a natural group of phylogenetically strictly related animals! Composition: Leonardo Ambasciano (CC BY-SA 3.0). Silhouettes: clockwise, from upper left - Tuna (Thunnus alalunga): no copyright (by Felix Vaux), http://www.phylopic.org/image/c7b048bd-f2c0-4f46-a9b6-70da71a806c8/; shark (Carcharodon carcharias): no copyright (by Steven Traver), http://www.phylopic.org/image/545d45f0-0dd1-4cfd-aad6-2b835223ea0d/; ichthyosaur (Ichthyosaurus communis): no copyright, by Jagged Fang Designs, http://www.phylopic.org/image/8d7843dd-3f6d-476c-83ed-961610c4d1ef/; dolphin (Delphinus capensis): (CC BY-SA 3.0) by Chris huh, modified, http://www.phylopic.org/image/3caf4fbd-ca3a-48b4-925a-50fbe9acd887/. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2ed3ffa1-ff10-4883-89f6-e25297c09772/mayrphenetics.png Blog ENG - My J. Z. Smith is a pheneticist (sort of) - Make it stand out Phenogram (left) versus cladogram (right): fight! Even from such a schematic example, we can immediately appreciate the presence of historical relationships and changes over time in the cladogram on the right. From Mayr (1965): 81. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/284add0c-2f15-4b37-addb-21734c8ecd95/Presentazione+standard1344556+nicolotti+2.png Blog ENG - My J. Z. Smith is a pheneticist (sort of) - Make it stand out Visualising clades: a cladogram illustrating historical relationships of descent between extant primates. Common names in quotation marks on the right are used inappropriately to group together phylogenetically more distant primates (see, for instance, “prosimians” including tarsiers within Strepsirhini). Also, the different taxonomic units that include any given lower taxon constitute a sort of historically cumulative ID of the taxon in question, so that, for instance, going à rebours, bonobos, while still a member of subtribe Panini, are also members of the Hominini tribe, the Hominidae family, the Hominoidea superfamily, the Catarrhini parvorder, the Anthropoidea infraorder, etc. Credits: composition © Leonardo Ambasciano; silhouettes - Galago: Joseph Wolf, 1863 (vectorization by Dinah Challen) [No copyright] http://phylopic.org/image/7fb9bea8-e758-4986-afb2-95a2c3bf983d/; Loris: Mareike C. Janiak (CC BY-SA 1.0) http://phylopic.org/image/7f877a9e-53d7-48d0-a422-d3fa0ff5e2f9/; Lemur: Roberto Díaz Sibaja (CC BY-SA 3.0) http://phylopic.org/image/d6cfb28f-136e-4a20-a5ac-8eb353c7fc4a/; Tarsiidae: Yan Wong (CC BY-SA 3.0) http://phylopic.org/image/f598fb39-facf-43ea-a576-1861304b2fe4/; Ateles: Yan Wong [No copyright] http://phylopic.org/image/aceb287d-84cf-46f1-868c-4797c4ac54a8/; Papio: Owen Jones [No copyright] http://phylopic.org/image/72f2f854-f3cd-4666-887c-35d5c256ab0f/ Siamang: uncredited [No copyright] http://phylopic.org/image/0174801d-15a6-4668-bfe0-4c421fbe51e8/; Pongo: Gareth Monger (CC BY-SA 3.0) http://phylopic.org/image/63c557ce-d82c-42e6-a26a-a9f0f05c2c18/; Gorilla: T. Michael Keesey [No copyright] http://phylopic.org/image/d9af529d-e426-4c7a-922a-562d57a7872e/; Pan: Jonathan Lawley [No copyright] http://phylopic.org/image/7133ab33-cc79-4d7c-9656-48717359abb4/; Homo: NASA [No copyright] http://phylopic.org/image/a9f4ebd5-53d7-4de9-9e66-85ff6c2d513e/. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/the-riviera-strikes-back monthly 0.5 2023-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c4e7a773-2123-469c-9240-1015fbd6811c/IMG_20220324_160256268_PORTRAIT.jpg Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back - Make it stand out Liguria is not a place on Earth. It’s a state of mind. Portofino (Liguria, Italy). 2022 Leonardo Ambasciano (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463636117-QBO0LLR4L0P0FYWORY5H/TIGULLIO+2022+v.+2.31.png Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462871509-PRUXQ1VL9OW1J67V57XE/Diapositiva2.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650467192465-MSAH6BYUW15K18Y49N4P/TIGULLIO+2022+v.+2.37.png Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650467193360-OT3IGJH0KJ5G7E0WVWQ1/TIGULLIO+2022+v.+2.34.png Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463507822-V3B8KE6KZF5X2B8QVG77/TIGULLIO+2022+v.+2.3.png Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462889297-X83P8HVV1I0G1KPL4OSW/Diapositiva5.PNG Blog ENG - 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The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462929209-J3KYKVV7PFWK12JX2H7Q/Diapositiva13.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462935235-Z0O79607OBXROZ5XHEH5/Diapositiva14.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462937774-MJLSNDHJVLSX7QJLC6Z3/Diapositiva15.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650471010195-5SGERJYFFBMOXED1AIH1/TIGULLIO+2022+v.+2.3666.png Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462949811-86BRO3UEDLD4P9A402BU/Diapositiva18.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462957442-G1VX50T7N6ERI2P9K7AB/Diapositiva19.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462956848-P9LNUXPA9IYEGWN4ODBD/Diapositiva20.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462965844-MKN6DN2NK289PTEPI7JA/Diapositiva21.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462969554-ZBRY8X7WF9M3D8KS58J3/Diapositiva22.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462978268-R2PDBMA6B3SL0GZMXIYU/Diapositiva23.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462978716-U7LVR9P9FAVN8LRDEION/Diapositiva24.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462991438-ZZDMC3C072Q2OCP5J9ZW/Diapositiva25.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650462991165-SNZ74U22CPQNUU1A2BVT/Diapositiva26.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463010162-D9IBV4AI6NWB4UPYVF6L/Diapositiva27.PNG Blog ENG - 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The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463054549-YK5W7UDAY22M7RSQIQ2M/Diapositiva35.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463059291-CVP1I5L8F33JHAISGELQ/Diapositiva36.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463065174-HTF0H9XD513HGKZNC45P/Diapositiva37.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463070254-LQEXBDGSHJQ2T4IQXFXJ/Diapositiva38.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463076157-7IUHIH1RAKE9MTCAK9DI/Diapositiva39.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463079601-ULXLTPN3PY8EH2O21SZJ/Diapositiva40.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463088993-8KV2JO5H7TVUUC0HPUDV/Diapositiva41.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463091946-I7DDP6QX4YCWU5DET3KG/Diapositiva42.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463098926-B1OVRRDPNG0IRXRDX43J/Diapositiva43.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463098506-8BP2R54LDJKUZI9W9PT5/Diapositiva44.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1650463104480-9NDUYOTSDGS8U6A2MJ8F/Diapositiva45.PNG Blog ENG - The Riviera Strikes Back https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/our-last-jch-editorial-covid-19-history-and-big-data monthly 0.5 2022-01-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/001cd8c7-19b2-479c-9bf8-2ffb41eb5d19/Cattura.JPG Blog ENG - Our Last JCH Editorial - Make it stand out https://journal.equinoxpub.com/JCH/index © Equinox https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/my-riviera monthly 0.5 2023-03-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c76f45d2-94d4-4f96-9722-3af06fccc585/IMG_20211017_145312822_PORTRAIT.jpg Blog ENG - My Riviera - Make it stand out Going to the seaside? Or trekking through mountains? You don’t have to choose here, you can have both! The Church of S. Anna ai Monti with the Gallinara Island in the background, as seen from Via Julia Augusta, between Albenga and Alassio (Liguria, Italy). 2021 Leonardo Ambasciano (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097718390-VMYH8QO381D15VZA5XWZ/Diapositiva1.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097718484-DP4PRS96E1UJO5H3MG38/Diapositiva2.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097720466-YS3AQ4DSP3ZTL6H0OP9I/Diapositiva3.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097720459-H0YQ7OSB3ORIKQKU14DC/Diapositiva4.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097721641-C9GCL5NHWG0O7UMHJJNA/Diapositiva5.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097721939-62N0RGV3CP1DADQSQV9R/Diapositiva6.JPG Blog ENG - 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My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097734165-RM65046YFGKGW7S53Q2M/Diapositiva21.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097735225-9Z1QPJNGV3UIVD4MO8N6/Diapositiva22.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097735553-86TMN9INV0DO9OR2V6FU/Diapositiva23.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097736530-J1TDMBDOK0XZH4HRI9PU/Diapositiva24.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097736738-4JGK4EHAQJOWWL97TTCJ/Diapositiva25.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097737963-E31X0K3REUJRGEE255NW/Diapositiva26.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097738172-IPDEY2MPATJ7AD2MABPU/Diapositiva27.JPG Blog ENG - 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My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097743865-APPNCEAXOS1K0TM4VD8T/Diapositiva35.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097745580-0SVB2ZDGFXX3498D4PAY/Diapositiva38.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097744165-Z17HS9IHWQ8VZPQW1PTN/Diapositiva36.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638774061222-IC5FS6VIFAUCOVJRLAWI/Diapositiva37.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097747040-QJ1YT3TYJM0FEX053EA7/Diapositiva39.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097747165-L6M7ULH2PUVY1S3G0Z6O/Diapositiva40.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097748446-WSO4PYS7QMGSXJR8YAQ9/Diapositiva41.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097748677-GH2M8IPIJJFIZJX5MS8N/Diapositiva42.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097749861-J42JGRA8GNBUEZWWN3LS/Diapositiva43.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097750449-GUZDFJTLS2CXIOU1WJBR/Diapositiva44.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097751772-4E5GSIW9U25VHCIC6X2X/Diapositiva45.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097751772-16FDAV8OU28ULIH3TDIU/Diapositiva46.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097752857-E42MG7UFY7X4GARSTGVQ/Diapositiva47.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097753279-1OV5KMC19R7WDDW4PX9N/Diapositiva48.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097754107-08W1XOPE78L26I7X0YZM/Diapositiva49.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1638097754808-5G1HVHWJEOAKJA06KBDS/Diapositiva50.JPG Blog ENG - My Riviera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/10057b5b-ba64-4f6f-bc25-ecb99a4c0835/IMG_20211204_182932525.jpg Blog ENG - My Riviera - Make it stand out Belàndi! Leonardo Ambasciano, 2021 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/follow-the-money monthly 0.5 2021-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/47fb9e02-9391-4d6d-83b8-c5b5c89fbd75/6355351769_c59632e773_k.jpg Blog ENG - Follow the Money - Make it stand out Money, by 401(K) 2012 (CC BY-SA 2.0). From Flickr. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/20202021annihorribiles monthly 0.5 2022-11-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/f6ba9507-7d84-40de-9276-038c7e5e4cb9/grande+51119361240_d00edc8edd_k.jpg Blog ENG - 2020-2021 anni horribiles - Make it stand out Protect yourself and those you love and care about. No ifs, no buts. Photograph by Marco Verch Professional Photographer, from Flickr (CC BY 2.0). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/98f6d273-ef49-4c1d-9245-5dbb9052826c/51432055498_1335ae2d87_c.jpg Blog ENG - 2020-2021 anni horribiles - Make it stand out “Will I be an X-Men?” or, the modern art of trolling the trolls. Photo by Cory Doctorow from Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/831c838c-8666-4949-8ce4-4eb389487847/33824028340_a54017aab3_k.jpg Blog ENG - 2020-2021 anni horribiles - Make it stand out Science works. Photo by Adam Fagen from Flickr (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/128ffa3c-e00f-4fc4-98ef-6d78464a5dc7/Foot_Chart1_small.png Blog ENG - 2020-2021 anni horribiles - Make it stand out Does it hurt there if I press your allux? A reflexological chart showing the “the areas of the feet that practitioners believe correspond with organs in the ‘zones’ of the body.” Spoiler alert: they don’t. By TarcísioTS, from Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2a7479a9-9360-4109-8a31-5358f0627774/IMG_20210820_174502647.jpg Blog ENG - 2020-2021 anni horribiles - Make it stand out Cosplaying as a human pincushion. 20 August 2021 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Leonardo Ambasciano. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/the-future-i-dreaded-so-much-is-here-and-its-scary-and-hot-as-hell monthly 0.5 2021-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1625749758318-SLZKFL1BZWEMP3B7WZ3X/1010ozk0_1_IMG_20160724_215802.jpeg Blog ENG - The Future I Dreaded So Much Is Here. And It’s Scary (and Hot) as Hell - Make it stand out Another place, another time. Liguria, Italy. 2016, (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Leonardo Ambasciano. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1625750514712-EMVYIP9G9WT1Q6Z43GQV/Lytton.png Blog ENG - The Future I Dreaded So Much Is Here. And It’s Scary (and Hot) as Hell - Make it stand out The unlikeliest hellish circle of all. Left: a car fleeing the wildfires in Lytton, BC; top right: the charred remains of the village of Lytton; bottom right: the website depicting the environs of Lytton before the heat dome and the wildfires. Sources: The Guardian; Village of Lytton website. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1625752535298-QOMMV1ZHPHOHFGGFZWU1/IMG_20210704_182340731%7E3.jpg Blog ENG - The Future I Dreaded So Much Is Here. And It’s Scary (and Hot) as Hell - Make it stand out Summer glamour. Big Oil companies are deploying all their skills to sway public opinion and lobby governments to water down any proactive initiative to fight climate change (McGreal 2021). The new trend is to glamorise climate change. Neutralise it by appealing to its potentially positive aspects. On the 4th of July 2021, the Italian weekday La Stampa supplement Specchio (“Mirror”) featured a celebratory - and irresponsible - cover hailing both the healing power of summer and the end of pandemic restrictions. The supplement cleverly managed to do that by reminding its readers of St Francis’ Canticle of the Creatures (1224), in which the Italian friar thanked God for giving humankind the warmth and the light of Brother Sun (“Fratello sole”). Even the BBC put up a shameless educational page about the “benefits” of climate change, like “healthier outdoor lifestyles” and “more resources, such as oil, becoming available in places such as Alaska and Siberia when the ice melts” (Horton 2021; the page was later removed). © La Stampa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1625752326705-M0P1624PYPYMJHYN97PO/topolino2.png Blog ENG - The Future I Dreaded So Much Is Here. And It’s Scary (and Hot) as Hell - Make it stand out “Comics should not be read only by children.” From left to right: the first page of Giorgio Pezzin & Guido Scala’s “Uncle Scrooge and a City in Plastic Fever” From Topolino #1538 (1986). Originally published by Arnoldo Mondadori Editore; Massimo De Vita’s cover on recycling, Topolino #1742 (1988), The Walt Disney Company Italia S.p.A.; Marco Rota’s cover, Topolino #1578 (1986): “Cheers for ecology!” The Walt Disney Company Italia S.p.A. All rights reserved © Disney. All images from Grand Comics Database. Topolino is an Italian weekly comic magazine which publishes original Disney stories. I inherited my older sister’s collection and I kept on expanding this family collection for as long as I could. As a kid, Topolino’s groundbreaking stories and reports about ecology informed my sense of responsibility. “To educate children with regard to gardening and nature protection can and should be done without missionary zeal but rather with a sense of humor and perhaps also with some self-mockery. That could be one message to be gained from comic literature. Maybe comics should not be read only by children, but also by those who have to deal with their education (Wolschke-Bulmahn and Gert Gröning 1994: 242). Let me rephrase that last sentence: everyone should read comics. Full stop. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1625752792422-4VKI5XI5FM0H4CY9YSVY/3024.jpg Blog ENG - The Future I Dreaded So Much Is Here. And It’s Scary (and Hot) as Hell - Make it stand out The new normal. Flames engulf the Canadian town of Lytton after experiencing a blistering 49.6°C. Source: The Guardian, Photograph by J. Zimmerman, https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/religion-101-how-i-would-design-course monthly 0.5 2021-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1625591001699-5RRT65NI4QBYFE7PNI6M/Jubilee_Campus_MMB_L5_The_Exchange.jpg Blog ENG - Religion 101: How I Would Design a Kick-ass Course - Make it stand out Exchange Building, University of Nottingham. Source: Wikipedia; author: mattbuck. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/if-you-only-knew-the-power-of-a-worn-out-vhs monthly 0.5 2022-05-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1619426193284-GMTTRRI1L8196HJKA0XN/VHS-cassette.jpg Blog ENG - If you only knew the power of a worn-out VHS Dang, it’s gonna take more than one whole minute to rewind all that tape, provided that the VHS cassette does not get stuck inside the VCR! … and you thought you had issues with your movie loading slowly on Netflix! Ah, kids these days… Author: Groink (CC BY-SA 3.0). Source: Wikipedia https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/eliadology-and-the-fallacy-of-emotive-language monthly 0.5 2021-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1612797103969-TNM5Q4J6CSE8UU7B31II/26758043_1630910093657449_40264634950158177_o.jpg Blog ENG - Eliadology and the Fallacy of Emotive Language Fig. 1. Source: Rennie (2017). Fair use of the copyrighted material for edicational purposes, commentary, and criticism. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/the-deafening-silence-of-religious-studies monthly 0.5 2021-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1612790298638-O43QNOTQL5CLS654GL66/finalise+eliade+blog.png Blog ENG - The deafening silence of Religious Studies Sources in chronological order: HuffPost, 3 May 2018 (the bust in the middle was vandalized in 2018; in 2020 the statue was toppled by protesters); BBC News, 8 June 2020; BBC News, 9 June 2020; The Virginian Pilot, 10 June 2020; BBC News, 11 June 2020; Sky News Italy, 14 June 2020; CNN, 19 June 2020. An updated list of monuments toppled or removed during the 2020 protests is available on Wikipedia. Composition © 2021, L. Ambasciano. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1612785583923-B2965QPEVD7SNXV81R57/Bustul_lui_Mircea_Eliade.jpg Blog ENG - The deafening silence of Religious Studies Celebrating Eliade in 2015. The recent bust is located at the junction between Bulevard Mircea Eliade and strada Aviator R. Beller, in Bucharest. Source: Wikipedia. Other celebratory busts are found in Chișinău, Moldova, and Hamilton, Ontario. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1612786904548-XV14O228F523HFPXO9ZU/Swift_Hall_at_the_University_of_Chicago.jpg Blog ENG - The deafening silence of Religious Studies Swift Hall, University of Chicago Divinity School. Source: Wikipedia. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/mythological-machines-of-homo-sapiens monthly 0.5 2021-01-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1610802598573-N38FM274XQ93PXZ94VP8/Cattura000.jpg Blog ENG - The mythological machines of Homo sapiens FIG. 1. A near mint copy of Batman #1 (DC, 1940) has been recently sold for a whopping $2.22 million. Source: © Heritage Auctions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1610727157157-ZAWUVF1X1KZ5S5UQTSIO/Cattura.PNG Blog ENG - The mythological machines of Homo sapiens FIG. 2. Robin Dunbar’s circles of acquaintanceship. Numbers approx. represent individuals. Italics highlights social complexity in hunter-gatherers, Roman indicates contemporary WEIRD/ultrasocial societies (WEIRD stands for Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic). The asterisk denotes the inclusion of family members; a dotted line marks the overall limit for personal social network and recognizable kinship; dagger signals average upper limit from Jenkins, Dowsett and Burton 2018 (overall range: 1000-10,000). Interestingly, successful civil and military organizations have intuitively adhered to such socio-cognitive constraints and limitations. Adapted and modified from Dunbar 2014: 80. © Leonardo Ambasciano https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1610801600297-WQ7YFLEPDY2BCKISMCMI/22092806_1525704227511370_1800000945_o.jpg Blog ENG - The mythological machines of Homo sapiens FIG. 3. The “singular phenomenon” of the apparition of Padre Pio’s silhouette, or Saint Pio of Pietralcina, on a building wall in Orta, Italy, 27 July 1997. © L. Ambasciano, 2017. Private collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1610818457857-LBCPM5535YA4IJZX7NTM/IMG_20150623_224303.jpg Blog ENG - The mythological machines of Homo sapiens I knew this would have come in handy! © Private collection. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/digital-panem-et-circenses monthly 0.5 2021-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1576078021497-BIHEL4RK5YDBK9PV04JK/FIG.+1.png Blog ENG - Digital panem et circenses FIGURE 1. The initial state of the Roman people’s morale (right) in Centurion: Defender of Rome, and the possible choices immediately available to the player to assuage their anger (mainly, “Tribute Policy” and “Hold Games;” left). Other possibilities to increase social status and prestige, and thus win the favor of both the people and the Senate, were: expansion and addition of provinces; signing diplomatic alliances; holding and winning chariot races or gladiatorial spectacles; and building an amphitheatre. Unlike provinces, Rome (i.e., the Italic Peninsula) could not be plundered (plundering would negatively impact prestige). The neurosocial states of the populace were: Rebellious (which foreboded revolt), Angry, Restless, or Content. ©1990 Bits of Magic/EA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1576078079419-TE1SYY12YZ3003KRIHIP/FIG.+2.png Blog ENG - Digital panem et circenses FIGURE 2. The “Religion” entry from the built-in encyclopedia (or Civilopedia) of Sid Meier’s Civilization, which describes the game’s understanding of religion as a terror-management civilization advance. Civilization’s Religion was the eminently ultrasocial product of the cumulative development of two previous technological advances, i.e., Philosophy and Writing. The implementation of Religion allowed for one further technological/architectural advance (“Cathedral improvement”) and the creation of two Wonders (“J.S. Bach's Cathedral” and “Michelangelo’s Chapel Wonder”). All had the effect of decreasing unhappiness in crowded social settings and increase social contentment. Two previous discrete advances in the technology tree, i.e., “Mysticism” and “Ceremonial Burial”, were not directly conducive to ultrasocial “Religion.” ©1991 MicroProse. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/a-pirandellian-history-of-religions monthly 0.5 2020-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1600765234282-R0WXH9APGUD8E7QR70WE/Scan_Pirandello.jpg Blog ENG - A Pirandellian History of Religions The first page of the English translation of Pirandello’s novella L’eresia catara, included in The Medals and Other Stories, New York: Dutton & Co., 1939, 177-188, and published without any indication of the translator. Oddly enough, here Lamis becomes a “Professor of Ecclesiastical History” [Copy kindly provided by L. H. Martin] https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/narrator-mendax-sciens-creating-meaning-in-a-world-of-stories monthly 0.5 2020-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1600431370975-DR7GEMIGBPO7ZK1VCA4I/alta3vernuova.png Blog ENG - Narrator, mendax, sciens: creating meaning in a world of stories We are made of stories - and these are some of stories I am made of. An amazing project over one year in the making, by Italian artist Emiliano Troco. Oil on canvas, © 2020 Emiliano Troco https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/unhorror-propps-universal-grammar-and-box-office-successes monthly 0.5 2020-08-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1597919419662-8OB7RWBMLTWW9IQPIFBK/IMG_20200820_103319355_PORTRAIT%7E4.jpg Blog ENG - Unhorror, Propp’s universal grammar, and box office successes Horror comes in many shapes and forms… Private collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1597922096874-834JYWUXGEXYGZVM035E/IMG_20200820_120957245%7E2.jpg Blog ENG - Unhorror, Propp’s universal grammar, and box office successes Structuralism in all its glory: a table from the excellent Italian translation of Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale. Source: Propp, V. J. (2000). Morfologia della fiaba. Con un intervento di Claude Lévi-Strauss e una replica dell’autore. A cura di Gian Luigi Bravo, p. 145. Turin: Einaudi. Originally published in 1966. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/magic-lantern-ghost-shows-to-imax monthly 0.5 2020-08-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1596644297868-C53Q42H9MEOWR3LIJR6D/1867_interpretation_of_Robertson%27s_Fantasmagorie.jpg Blog ENG - From Magic Lantern Ghost Shows to IMAX: Horror and Modernity Engraving depicting the most successful magic lantern ghost show of the 19th century, Étienne-Gaspard Robertson’s Fantasmagorie. Source: F. Marion, L’Optique, 1867. From Wikipedia. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/did-ancient-romans-eat-pizza monthly 0.5 2021-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1589201960204-IUZERO42F2Z8TJN02HI0/IMG_20191110_160712780.jpg Blog ENG - Did Ancient Romans Eat Pizza? FIG.1. An astonishing seafood emblema (centerpiece mosaic) from Pompeii, ca. 100-79 CE. Definitely, not a single pizza in sight here. National Archaeological Museum, Naples, on loan for the Last Supper in Pompeii exhibition, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 10 November 2019 (CC BY-ND 4.0, Leonardo Ambasciano). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1589195326397-CIW8QH4BLL889HZ8V8BU/IMG_20191110_155857901.jpg Blog ENG - Did Ancient Romans Eat Pizza? Fig. 2. Wait, what?! A pizza in Roman Pompeii?! A (rather questionable) caption from the Last Supper in Pompeii exhibition. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 10 November 2019 (CC BY-ND 4.0, L. Ambasciano). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1589197691391-0LT6SEXKLJW5Z02XAGKU/IMG_20200503_181234.jpg Blog ENG - Did Ancient Romans Eat Pizza? FIG. 3. Definitely NOT a Roman pizza. Homemade margherita with oregano (purists beware: fresh basil leaves were unavailable because of the current Covid-19 lockdown), 3 May 2020. © L. Ambasciano. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/a-cognitive-exploration-of-horror-tropes monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1625780087697-6ITE2QPQY2WF5YXFC6RQ/49071487228_16152ac93b_c.jpg Blog ENG - A cognitive exploration of horror tropes - Make it stand out “2019 Bela Lugosi Dracula Funko Super7 ReAction 9943.” Author: Brechtbug (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1587823801072-LBV6H5R8CYWRBE8HC4S0/Screenshot+%28120%29.jpg Blog ENG - A cognitive exploration of horror tropes TABLE 1. A tentative matrix of category violation in horror films. The list is merely illustrative and does not take into account the historical precedents of each breach/violation nor the financial success of each entry. Please note that horror tropes and plots do usually include more than just one counterintuitive violation. See text for details. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/the-neurochemical-medium-is-the-message monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1625779745474-RT0BD9H7O8PI8RO32WDD/2703546821_86644565ed_b.jpg Blog ENG - The (neurochemical) medium is the message - Make it stand out “Movie Theater at Shibuya.” Author: naoyafujii (CC BY-NC 2.0). https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/pseudoscience-at-the-time-of-covid-19 monthly 0.5 2020-05-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1585409422814-BKPEG080HO294W0T51LK/1024px-Charge_of_the_Light_Brigade.jpg Blog ENG - Pseudoscience at the time of Covid-19 The Battle of Balaclava, 2020 edition: the Russian artillery stands for SARS-CoV-2; the Light Brigade of the Six Hundred is herd immunity. Source: Charge of the Light Brigade by R. C. Woodville Jr. Wikipedia. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/nostalgia-metamodernism-and-the-third-death-star monthly 0.5 2021-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1588668671756-PFI7DU2R017DSH28W344/IMG_20200505_094230297+44.jpg Blog ENG - Nostalgia, Metamodernism, and the Third Death Star Subverting your expectation since 2017. Star Wars: The Last Jedi © Odeon, private collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1582654738411-S4OMTG45W2FXDSS0LW9P/SW+FILMS+FINAL.JPG Blog ENG - Nostalgia, Metamodernism, and the Third Death Star FIGURE 1. As you can seen in the grey block just below the title, I have categorized the Star Wars films in rough chronological order according to the philosophical and cultural trends that characterized each of them. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1582654785360-I4WIANTSUEYHXWA3TXXT/SW+RELIGIO+FINAL.JPG Blog ENG - Nostalgia, Metamodernism, and the Third Death Star FIGURE 2. Star Wars and the various disciplines involved in the study of religions seem to have followed roughly parallel historical trajectories after the end of the OT, reflecting or retreading for better or for worse grander socio-cultural trends. It’s important to note that this might not have been the result of intentional strategy and direct influences, since a similar cultural design can be the result of similar cultural constraints (institutional management) and a similar material (mythology and religion). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1582654810465-S663X8RTY7CXEV6NX1J4/SW+COMMON+FEATURES+FINAL.JPG Blog ENG - Nostalgia, Metamodernism, and the Third Death Star FIGURE 3. Common features between the Star Wars saga and the academic study of religion. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1588669010540-17H2L2DM7R82H6UYVWFM/IMG_20200505_094244830+45.jpg Blog ENG - Nostalgia, Metamodernism, and the Third Death Star Star Wars: The Last Jedi, 2017 © Odeon, private collection. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/blog/plus-a-change-from-scary-stories-around-the-campfire-to-horror-hyperreality monthly 0.5 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1625778470726-LBP2W0HTDX3V2YEF60RB/sonidodelamuerte1966.PNG Blog ENG - Plus ça change... From scary stories around the campfire to horror hyperreality - Make it stand out Original poster for the Spanish 1966 horror movie El sonido de la muerte (“The Sound of Horror”, dir. José Antonio Nieves Conde). All rights reserved. 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Dino Pigliatutto. © 1992-1993 Orbis/DeA; National Geographic. © 1993 https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/unnaturalhistory daily 0.75 2025-11-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1569931884296-ECXXGKY0DV65UKKHNBC3/9781350062405.jpg An Unnatural History of Religions https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/articles daily 0.75 2026-02-11 https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/shamanismwithoutshamanism daily 0.75 2021-07-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1570031922499-LZUEANRZOP06ISSHTZ7Q/9788868123529.jpg Sciamanesimo senza sciamanesimo https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/bookchapters daily 0.75 2024-09-17 https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/opeds daily 0.75 2025-01-06 https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/reviews daily 0.75 2026-02-11 https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/translations daily 0.75 2026-02-11 https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/phd daily 0.75 2019-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1570193653869-NSUGXVIMKKEA9VWPMPIC/14022091_1121177364630727_8132806062520332608_n.jpg Ph.D. dissertation Pediment dedicated to Bona Dea, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. © 2016 Leonardo Ambasciano https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/events daily 0.75 2025-11-18 https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/studying-the-religious-mind daily 0.75 2023-01-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/fcceb1f7-5a3e-4611-aa98-76c17d385385/studying+the+religious+mind.jpg Studying the Religious Mind https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/indice daily 0.75 2025-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/1e94f0b2-ca18-46b1-afa2-3925d2a679cb/1024px-The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg Indice - Make it stand out La Terra vista dalla Luna, a una distanza di circa 29.400 chilometri. Fotografia scattata durante la missione Apollo 17 nel 1972. FONTE: NASA, da Wikipedia. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/la-vita-sulla-terra daily 0.75 2025-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/022e66ad-8761-4456-b1f5-affa5ff654d2/1024px-Stevns_Klint_-_H%C3%B8jerup_Strand_%2817%29.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out La scogliera di Stevns Klint, in Danimarca (sullo sfondo). FONTE: utente Ragnar1904, da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/93532662-0b0f-417b-b2ef-4d6b5859d386/256px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Stevns Klint è parte del Patrimonio Mondiale dell’Umanità UNESCO. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7e282aa3-c601-4401-9c5f-0c1772efc4be/Immagine4.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Lo strato di argilla scura spesso circa due centimetri e ricco di iridio rinvenuto presso Gubbio, in Umbria. FONTE: Maria Luisa Bozzi. 2008. Nel mondo dei dinosauri. Edizione rivista e aggiornata a cura di Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia. Milano e Firenze: Giunti, p. 86. Originariamente concessa da Le Scienze. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/e97f71bf-d930-4f4e-8196-468c997fccac/Immagine2.png 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out La scogliera di Stevns Klint, in Danimarca, si staglia fino a 40 metri al di sopra del Mar Baltico. Alla fine del Cretaceo la sezione delimitata dalla linea rossa nella fotografia, e oggi sottoposta a costante erosione, era il fondale di un mare profondo che, con l’eccezione di alcuni arcipelaghi, ricopriva gran parte dell’attuale territorio europeo. Il calcare che compone la scogliera è il risultato dell’accumulo costante dei minuscoli resti fossili di organismi unicellulari che processavano la luce solare attraverso fotosintesi e si depositavano sul fondo del mare. FONTE: Damholt, T. & F. Surlyk. 2012. Nomination of Stevns Klint for Inclusion in the World Heritage List. St. Heddinge: Østsjællands Museum, p. 26. © Østsjællands Museum, Højerup Bygade 38, 4660 St. Heddinge, Danimarca. TRADUZIONE delle due bande verticali a sinistra: in verde, CRETACEOUS CHALK = CALCARE FINE del CRETACEO; in arancione, TERTIARY LIMESTONE = CALCARE del PALEOGENE. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/646c7a1b-8964-4de9-b309-b57f4b1cf63d/DavideBonadonna_PhysOrg.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Un esempio della varietà dei dinosauri nordamericani alla fine del Cretaceo: a sinistra l’ornitopode Edmontosaurus, al centro sullo sfondo il teropode Tyrannosaurus e a sinistra il ceratopside Triceratops. FONTE: © Davide Bonadonna, da Phys.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/12e29ec1-7e59-439b-9043-ad3b400fe06e/Immagine5.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out L’estinzione di massa al limite K/Pg non colpì solamente i dinosauri. Tra i gruppi spazzati via vi furono i mosasauri, un gruppo di peculiari rettili marini probabilmente imparentati con i varanidi (a sinistra), e gli pterosauri, arcosauri volanti lontani parenti dei dinosauri (a destra). FONTE: © Davide Bonadonna. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c8ed9440-ac18-46b2-b2d4-b361f5dcc64d/Parkinson+01.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Storia sacra: le acque del Diluvio universale si ritirano, lasciando sulla battigia conchiglie che diventeranno futuri fossili. In secondo piano, l’arca di Noè. FONTE: James Parkinson, Organic Remains of a Former World, 1804. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/ec132002-0141-4335-8b94-0cd1732dc20b/1024px-Buckland%2C_Megalosaurus_jaw.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Litografia della mandibola fossile di Megalosaurus, il primo dinosauro non-aviano a essere descritto scientificamente nel 1824 dal reverendo e geologo inglese William Buckland. In un noto passaggio de L’origine delle specie, Darwin affermava di vedere la documentazione naturale e geologica «come una storia del mondo conservata imperfettamente, e scritta in un dialetto variabile; di questa storia noi possediamo il solo ultimo volume, che si riferisce soltanto a due o tre contrade. Di codesto volume non ci è rimasto che qualche breve capitolo qua e là; e di ogni pagina non abbiamo che poche linee sparse». FONTE: litografia da William Buckland, “Notice on the Megalosaurus or great Fossil Lizard of Stonesfield”, in Transactions of the Geological Society of London. Series 2, 1(2) 1824: 390-396, tavola n° 40, da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c38989d8-d8c3-435e-b787-8d9166f6ac85/1024px-Mary_Anning_by_B._J._Donne.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Ritratto di Mary Anning (1799-1847), oggi ospitato presso la sede londinese della Geological Society. Anning, qui raffigurata mentre impugna un martello da geologa e indice la conchiglia fossile di un ammonite, fu una pioniera della ricerca paleontologica su campo. FONTE: Benjamin John Merifield Donne (1850), basato su un precedente ritratto risalente al 1842; da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/b89e83a5-1fba-4116-91fa-db3a2059e283/2048px-NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Il sorgere del pianeta Terra visto dalla Luna. Fotografia scattata dall’astronauta William Anders il 24 dicembre 1968 durante la missione Apollo 8. Nel corso della rivoluzione scientifica, il nostro pianeta perde la sua centralità e diventa solo un pianeta tra i tanti che orbitano intorno ad una stella (il Sole) alla periferia della galassia nota come Via Lattea; la geologia ricostruisce le forme che i continenti hanno assunto nel passato sulla base di processi che creano, modellano e distruggono continuamente la superficie del pianeta; in biologia, l’evoluzione chiarisce come avvengono i processi di speciazione e stabilisce che le specie cambiano e si estinguono nel corso del tempo. FONTE: NASA/Bill Anders, da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/04ce009f-3e7f-4b35-a05f-6c1e0a1411fd/SCHEMA_FINALE_cap.1+linea+temporale+filigrana+nuova+.png 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Rappresentazione visuale della profondità del tempo e dell’evoluzione. Le sei icone a colori (a destra) rappresentano le sei estinzioni di massa che hanno contraddistinto le storia della vita sulla Terra e le loro cause principali (in ordine cronologico, da sinistra verso destra: ere glaciali; vulcanismo; impatto di un meteorite; attività degli esseri umani). Il tempo geologico è così vasto e così remoto che noi riusciamo a comprenderlo soltanto indirettamente e in modo metaforico. In questo senso, una metafora particolarmente efficace è stata proposta da John McPhee: considerando la storia della Terra come la distanza che separa la punta del naso dalla punta della mano distesa, un colpetto di lima sull’unghia del dito medio cancellerebbe l’intera storia umana. Composizione di Leonardo Ambasciano. Silhouette non in scala. CREDITI silhouette (tutte provenienti da PhyloPic.org, ad eccezione di MUSE/L. Ambasciano): Charles D. Walcott/T. Michael Keesey; Dmitry Bogdanov/T. Michael Keesey; FunkMonk (Michael B. H.); Gareth Monger; Mateus Zica; Matt Crook; Matt Martyniuk; MUSE (Trento)/Leonardo Ambasciano; NASA; Nobu Tamura/T. Michael Keesey; Nobu Tamura; Olegivvit; Peter Coxhead; Scott Hartman; Steven Coombs; Lankester E. Ray/T. Michael Keesey; Steven Traver; T. Michael Keesey; Tim Bertelink/T. Michael Keesey; Yan Wong. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/f66d2d47-c67c-4b4f-af39-cf52621726b3/2048px-Stromatolites_in_Sharkbay.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Stromatoliti attuali, presso Shark Bay, Australia occidentale. FONTE: Paul Robertson, 2005, da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/b93131a0-ec8c-43c3-991d-3de817116040/immagine+composita+hooke+pasteur.png 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out A DESTRA: La prima descrizione scientifica di un microrganismo. Le strutture riproduttive della muffa Mucor individuate dallo scienziato inglese Robert Hooke nel 1665 grazie all’uso del microscopio. FONTE: Hooke, R. 1665. Micrographia, tavola XII, figura 1. Londra: Royal Society, da Internet Archive. A SINISTRA: Microscopio utilizzato da Louis Pasteur verso il 1860 per confutare la generazione spontanea. FONTE: Musée Pasteur, Parigi. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2e9ef48b-9859-471e-8956-a6c4c37bf992/Immagine+2025-02-10+103220.png 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out L’impianto ideato e utilizzato tra 1952 e 1953 da Miller e Urey per studiare l’abiogenesi in laboratorio. FONTE: Lazcano, A. & J. L. Bada. 2003. “The 1953 Stanley L. Miller Experiment: Fifty Years of Prebiotic Organic Chemistry.” Da Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 33: 235-242; fotografia da p. 237. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1024807125069. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/50dca106-7862-4a2d-b7af-a14fa100f8cf/Novel_Coronavirus_SARS-CoV-2.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. I virus – che tanta parte hanno avuto nella storia delle epidemie umane – occupano lo stadio intermedio tra la vita e la materia inorganica e non vanno confusi con batteri e altri microrganismi patogeni. Solitamente la struttura di un virus è composta da uno strato esterno di proteine (talvolta anche lipidi) che racchiude i filamenti di RNA (più raramente DNA). Non si muovono da soli e hanno bisogno delle cellule degli organismi ospiti per replicarsi, restando altrimenti inattivi. FONTE: Wikipedia/NIAID-RML. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/dc9175bf-f611-48bc-9c9a-a58796b01c54/Immagine6.1.png 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Struttura della cellula di un organismo pluricellulare. Il DNA nucleare è contenuto in ogni singola cellula e viene copiato ogni qualvolta viene prodotta una nuova cellula. I mitocondri possiedono un proprio DNA che viene trasmesso per via materna. FONTE: Colin Renfrew & Paul Bahn (2017). Archeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice. Londra: Thames & Hudson, p. 443. TRADUZIONE, da sinistra: nucleo; cellula; mitocondrio; gene; cromosoma; DNA; basi azotate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/41aba34e-18bb-447d-b350-6b351e3c2b48/Immagine7.0.jpg 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Gli animali, compresi gli esseri umani, non sono che un ramoscello all’interno del cespuglio evolutivo degli eucarioti. FONTE: AA. VV., Big History. Foreword by David Christian, London: DK/Penguin 2016, p. 113. TRADUZIONE: Bacteria = Batteri; Last Universal Common Ancestor, or “LUCA” = ultimo antenato comune universale (o LUCA); ARCHAEA = ARCHAEA; FUNGI = Funghi; ANIMALS = Animali; LAND PLANTS = Piante terrestri; EUKARYOTES = Eucarioti. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/63027e60-ec5e-4105-a7d5-b576e931c01f/paradisea+maggiore.PNG 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out Selezione sessuale. La coloratissima livrea di un maschio di Paradisaea apoda dalla Papua Nuova Guinea (a sinistra) viene sfoggiata durante un elaborato corteggiamento (a destra) allo scopo di essere notato e scelto dagli individui di sesso femminile. La selezione sessuale, ossia la competizione all’interno dei sessi per l’accoppiamento con i membri del sesso opposto, ha come risultato la selezione di tratti estetici peculiari, ed è un’altra delle forze selettive originariamente individuate da Darwin come fonte della diversità degli organismi viventi. FONTE: Andrea Lawardi, da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/ec10500f-c144-4bae-bbe4-1225cc328611/darwinpaleyithink.png 1.1. La vita sulla Terra - Make it stand out A SINISTRA: Charles Robert Darwin, ritratto di George Richmond; AL CENTRO: il celebre “I think” (“io penso”), 1837, con la primissima rappresentazione di un albero evolutivo dai Taccuini personali di Darwin; A DESTRA: struttura interna di un orologio analogico. Esponente di spicco dell’epocale trasformazione del pensiero storico sulla scia delle idee illuministiche fu il naturalista e geologo britannico Charles Darwin. Avviato a una carriera ecclesiastica dopo aver effettuato studi naturalistici, Darwin fu inizialmente irretito dall’apparente forza esplicativa della Teologia naturale di William Paley (1802), secondo cui era possibile ravvisare nella perfezione degli adattamenti degli organismi viventi un progetto e pertanto l’opera di un creatore divino, esattamente come dall’osservazione dei precisi meccanismi di un orologio analogico si può immaginare l’opera di un orologiaio. Paradossalmente, sarà proprio l’incapacità di rendere conto delle imperfezioni e di spiegare le numerose eccezioni alla crescente lista degli adattamenti di piante e animali a creare le basi per il superamento di questo paradigma teologico. FONTI: ritratto di G. Richmond presso il Darwin Museum, Down House, Inghilterra, da Wikipedia; “I think” dal taccuino di Darwin del 1837 noto come First Notebook on Transmutation of Species, da Wikipedia; orologio: Hannes Grobe, da Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/breve-profilo-della-storia-della-vita daily 0.75 2025-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/3e6d617a-2db5-4609-b7cf-094941eb841c/1024px-Charnia_masoni_-_MUSE.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Ricostruzione di Charnia, un enigmatico vendobionta dell’Ediacarano. FONTE: Matteo De Stefano/MUSE (Museo delle Scienze di Trento), da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/b01f4f15-fcc8-4b66-a1fc-e5a378c3768f/Scan+trilobiti+Fogato+finale.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out La straordinaria varietà dei trilobiti. FONTE: Valter Fogato; illustrazione tratta da Piero e Alberto Angela, La straordinaria storia della vita sulla Terra, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Milano 1992, p. 130. (modificata). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/13324812-abe9-462f-ac9a-7921c59764b0/dunkleosteus+composita+rimpicciolita.PNG 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out A SINISTRA: Ricostruzione di un pesce corazzato Cyathaspididæ dal Siluriano. FONTE: Matteo De Stefano/MUSE (Museo delle Scienze di Trento), da Wikipedia. CC BY-SA 3.0; A DESTRA: Ricostruzione del placoderma Dunkleosteus, lungo secondo le stime tra 3,5 e 8 metri e dal peso di circa 2-4 tonnellate. FONTE: Matteo De Stefano/MUSE (Museo delle Scienze di Trento), da Wikipedia. CC BY-SA 3.0. Animali non in scala. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/0dd59788-c47f-4f5c-b283-d104fc632bbc/albero+dipnoi+ecc0001.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out La posizione di dipnoi e celacanti nel cladogramma dei vertebrati. Gli esseri umani fanno parte dei tetrapodi. FONTE: Carl Zimmer, 2013. Le infinite forme. Un’introduzione alla biologia evoluzionistica. Traduzione di Patrizia Messeri. Illustrazione di Carl Buell. Bologna: Zanichelli, p. 165. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/8621c19e-17f1-4561-9682-af5ecd256637/pesci0001.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Evoluzione degli arti nei vertebrati. FONTE: Carl Zimmer, 2013. Le infinite forme. Un’introduzione alla biologia evoluzionistica. Traduzione di Patrizia Messeri. Illustrazione di Carl Buell. Bologna: Zanichelli, p. 81. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/43e67e71-114d-46c3-b362-b300f200b9cb/Q+crucicalamites.JPG 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Foreste del Carbonifero: l’equiseto Crucicalamites. FONTE: © Emiliano Troco. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/5cdc8417-fe96-46bd-90f6-70648cb3c768/512px-Diplocaulus_-_skeleton_and_model.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Scheletro e ricostruzione dell’anfibio Diplocaulus dal curioso cranio a forma di boomerang. FONTE: Denver Museum of Natural History, Colorado (USA), da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/d1937044-20d7-4c7f-b2bb-03de6c18273e/howmuchcanla.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Tardo Permiano delle Dolomiti, un bioma equatoriale popolato da cinodonti, arcosauri e altri rettili. FONTE: © Davide Bonadonna, da Phys.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/72df5df3-6c04-45e5-a1a7-018bb6d60404/tanistrofogliazza03.PNG 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Cranio e ricostruzione di Tanystropheus, un rettile dal Triassico della Lombardia, riadattato alla vita semiacquatica. FONTE: © Fabio Fogliazza, da Stefania Nosotti, 2007. “Tanystropheus longobardicus (Reptilia, Protorosauria): Re-interpretations of the Anatomy Based on New Specimens from the Middle Triassic of Besano (Lombardy, Northern Italy)”, Memorie della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Milano 35(3). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7799ccda-05d7-4418-a50c-742264585503/scipionyx-bels.png 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Un cucciolo di Scipionyx, dalla Campania del Cretaceo inferiore. FONTE: © Emiliano Troco. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/673d645e-cbb8-407e-b31f-29f2d0e934ba/thebiglouisae.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Un gigantesco dinosauro sauropode affiancato da un dinosauro ornitopode e circondato da uno stormo di pterosauri. FONTE: © Emiliano Troco https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/986afe7b-5194-4a5a-82f1-2f9a9472aa8a/Immagine+2025-02-10+144146.png 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Liaconodon, un mammifero mesozoico delle dimensioni di un gatto domestico. FONTE: © Davide Bonadonna, da Nature. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/8b854579-680e-4466-b5df-da1a4dd4d988/Onychonycteris_finneyi_Fossil_Butte_National_Monument.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Onychonycteris, un antico pipistrello fossile nordamericano risalente a 52,5 milioni di anni fa. FONTE: Matthew Dillon, da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7294fc14-4d6a-4bcb-b5cb-3509b0de59f6/Immagine+2025-02-10+144512.png 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Panoramica della fauna di mammiferi presenti nella savana nordamericana all’incirca 20 milioni di anni fa. FONTE: Jay Matternes, da George Gaylord Simpson. 1986. I fossili e la storia della vita, Bologna, Zanichelli, p. 157; disponibile online presso Smithsonian Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/9284c1b7-d261-46ed-8dbd-c0a560a018e0/sivaterio2.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Sivatherium, un giraffide afroeurasiatico di grossa taglia estintosi all’incirca un milione di anni fa. FONTE: © Emiliano Troco. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/fd50367a-03f2-40e6-aee8-8cb40f1825a0/mammalia+mix+and+match.png 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out La varietà dei mammiferi attuali. IN SENSO ORARIO: megattera, elefante africano, formichiere, ornitorinco, canguro rosso, tupaia. FONTI: Wikipedia (rispettivamente Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary; Eugenia & Julian; Nortondefeis; Charles J. Sharp; Rileypie; Paul J. Morris). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/e4cb1448-3b60-404d-b870-b441b0db56fd/paralleli+mars+_placent.jpg 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Convergenze evolutive tra marsupiali (A DESTRA) e placentati (A SINISTRA). FONTE: S. E. Luria, S. J. Gould, & S. Singer, 1984, Una visione della vita. Introduzione alla biologia. Bologna: Zanichelli, p. 513. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/8c3d6c50-6f5c-4294-b6a4-9d205c9212d1/Piramidi+cap.+1.png 1.2. Breve profilo della storia della vita - Make it stand out Convergenze culturali tra edifici politico-religiosi a struttura piramidale. COLONNA DI SINISTRA: in alto ziggurat di Dūr Untash presso Chogha Zanbil in Iran, 1400-1100 AEV; in basso complesso di piramidi presso Giza, in Egitto, erette tra 2670 e 2510 AEV; IMMAGINE A DESTRA: piramide mesoamericana Maya presso Chichen Itza, 700-1100 EV. FONTI: Giza: KennyOMG (CC BY-SA 4.0), da Wikipedia; Dūr Untash: Alireza.heydear (CC BY-SA 4.0), da Wikipedia; Chichen Itza: Daniel Schwen CC BY-SA 4.0), da Wikipedia. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/chi-siamo-tassonomia-genetica-primatologia daily 0.75 2025-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/ec7d6909-fa9b-4400-9f89-e47b8f63789f/512px-Linnaeus1758-title-page.jpg 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out Frontespizio della decima edizione del Systema Naturæ, datata 1758. FONTE: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7d4379d1-87fd-48c0-a554-b69683026020/SCHEMA+LINNEANO+aggiornato+_+BASE+semplice+4+definitivo.png 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out La classificazione linneana, qui presentata in forma semplificata e aggiornata, ha posto le basi per comprendere in modo razionale l’organizzazione e le relazioni storiche tra i vari organismi che popolano il pianeta Terra. Con l’eccezione del genere Homo, il diagramma presenta esclusivamente forme viventi. Composizione di Leonardo Ambasciano. Silhouette non in scala. FONTI: tutte le silhouette provengono da PhyloPic.org. Contributori: NASA; T. Michael Keesey; Gareth Monger; Owen Jones; Yan Wong; Steven Traver; Steve Hillebrand/U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service/T. Michael Keesey; Beth Reinke; Christoph Schomburg; Michael Scroggie; Hans Hillewaert/T. Michael Keesey; Thomas Hegna/Nicolas Gompel; Gabriele Midolo; Scott Hartman; Sarah Werning; T. Michael Keesey/Colin M. L. Burnett; Roberto Díaz Sibaja; Matus Valach; le restanti silhouette non sono accreditate. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/0f24f88f-d91c-4737-9777-32ec97e0c062/SCHEMA+LINNEANO+aggiornato+_+BASE+semplice+4+definitivo+proscimmie.png 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out Relazioni filogenetiche, ossia storiche, tra primati. I nomi con i quali vengono comunemente indicati alcuni gruppi sono indicati tra virgolette. Composizione di Leonardo Ambasciano. Silhouette non in scala. FONTI: silhouette da PhyloPic.org. Contributori: Joseph Wolf/Dinah Challen; Mareike C. Janiak; Roberto Díaz Sibaja; Yan Wong; Owen Jones; silhouette non accreditata; Gareth Monger; T. Michael Keesey; Jonathan Lawley; NASA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/e00c5ff8-9949-4179-9069-ae406624db7f/OTH0049-20-DG_gombestory.jpg 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out L’antropologa Jane Goodall presso Gombe, Tanzania, negli anni Sessanta del secolo scorso. FONTE: © janegoodall.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7498904f-4a0c-427f-837b-77a31fc90b18/SCHEMA+LINNEANO+aggiornato+_+BASE+semplice+4+definitivo+rook+bonobo+v.2.png 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out Esistono molti modi di essere intelligenti: nonostante un cervello più piccolo in relazione al peso corporeo, corvidi e pappagalli possiedono un numero di neuroni maggiore rispetto a quello dei primati in alcune zone chiave del cervello. Le due immagini presentano l’uso di strumenti da parte di un bonobo (A SINISTRA) e di un corvo (A DESTRA). Il bonobo “pesca” termiti usando un bastoncino di legno, il corvo ha piegato un filo di ferro per estrarre un contenitore da un cilindro e raggiungere così un verme. FONTI: bonobo (sn): Mike R [CC 2.5], Wikipedia; corvo (dx): Bird, C. D. e N. J. Emery (2009). “Insightful Problem Solving and Creative Tool Modification by Captive Nontool-using Rooks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(25): 10370-10375; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901008106; fig. 6 a p. 10374. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c54ea02d-b221-42a5-a9ef-44bf2f74a3c9/fabio-manucci-eocene-fauna.jpg 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out Ricostruzione di una scena dall’Eocene della Svizzera con alcuni esemplari di uno dei primi rappresentanti degli Strepsirhini, Adapis, e l’ungulato Palaeotherium in primo piano. FONTE: © Fabio Manucci https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c6621b47-74a7-4c5e-b605-87307d5e99ce/Filogenesi+primati+8+proscimmie.png 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out Primati viventi detti volgarmente “proscimmie”. DALL’ALTO IN SENSO ORARIO: tarso (Haplorhini); lemure catta, galagone e loris con cucciolo di sei settimane (Strepsirhini). FONTI: tarso – Sakurai Midori, da Wikipedia; lemure catta – Mathias Appel, da Wikipedia; galagone – autore Mark Dumont, da Wikipedia; loris – Helena Snyder, da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/94bd2d96-e8eb-4431-87f5-cd626e740fb3/oldestprimat+ARCHICEBUS.jpg 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out Ricostruzione scheletrica di Archicebus, un minuto primate di appena 20-30 grammi di peso vissuto circa 55 milioni di anni fa in Cina. Le ossa in grigio rappresentano i resti fossili noti al momento. FONTE: © Amt Sevenson, Northern Illinois University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/01954fee-62a3-45d7-a791-8c2bb430b0ae/Screenshot+%28146%29.png 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out Scimmie del Nuovo Mondo (A DESTRA) e del Vecchio Mondo (A SINISTRA): atele o scimmia ragno (sinistra); maschio di mandrillo (destra). Si può notare la differente apertura delle narici nei due gruppi. FONTI: atele – http://www.birdphotos.com edit by Fir0002 [CC 3.0], da Wikipedia; mandrillo – Malene Thyssen [CC 3.0], da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/25c5b35c-e605-4a43-b212-68a8b0c7f712/1proconsul+bianco.jpg 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out Ricostruzione di Proconsul. FONTE: © Emiliano Troco. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/77db8354-3827-486f-916a-a98b456a077a/Screenshot+%28226%29.png 2.1. Chi siamo? Tassonomia, genetica, primatologia - Make it stand out Ominidi attuali. IN SENSO ORARIO, DALL’ALTO: gorilla maschio, maschio e femmina di orango; bonobo; femmina di scimpanzé con cucciolo. FONTI: gorilla – Pierre Fidenci [CC 2.5], da Wikipedia; oranghi – Tim Laman, Morphobank.org [CC 4.0], da Wikipedia; ; scimpanzé – Alain Houle [CC 4.0], BMC Ecology 2014, 14:24 doi:10.1186/s12898-014-0024-6, da Wikipedia; bonobo – Pierre Fidenci [CC 2.5], da Wikipedia. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/il-cespuglio-dellevoluzione-umana daily 0.75 2025-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/cf5a6d37-7f9a-4e50-9154-59a66c6c8698/Screenshot+%28172%29.png 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out I Neanderthal, da esseri bestiali a esseri umani. A DESTRA, una delle primissime illustrazioni di Neanderthal, risalente al 1909; a SINISTRA, una ricostruzione a distanza di un secolo (2010) ispirata dalla recente scoperta di piume e artigli di corvidi e di rapaci probabilmente utilizzati a scopi ornamentali dalle popolazioni eurasiatiche di Neanderthal. FONTI: (a sinistra) particolare da un’opera originale di Fran Kupka (1909), ripresa da Erik Trinkaus e Pat Shipman (1993). “Neandertals: Images of Ourselves”. The Antioch Review 51(3): 194-201. https://doi.org/10.2307/4612796; illustr. a p. 197; (a destra) Mauro Cutrona, “il volto nuovo dell’uomo di Neandertal: Le penne come simbolo di potere” (Grotta di Fumane, provincia di Verona), da Archeoveneto. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/f68ffa90-ce7d-4868-9b09-916a6ff42d67/piltdown+pithecanthropus+neanderthal+new.png 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out I primi fossili umani e la prima frode paleoantropologica. A SINISTRA: a calotta cranica del primo esemplare di Neanderthal dalla Germania; AL CENTRO: i tre fossili originari provenienti da Giava e descritti da Eugène Dubois (una calotta cranica, un molare e un femore); A DESTRA: ricostruzione del cranio del cosiddetto Eoanthropus o uomo di Piltdown, una frode perpetrata ai danni della comunità scientifica internazionale. FONTI: Neanderthal, Wikipedia; fossili da Giava, Wikipedia; uomo di Piltdwon, Wikipedia (da J. Arthur Thomson, The Outline of Science, 1922). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7d923920-9476-4f93-98ce-b1a4b9d8e880/Screenshot+%28170%29.png 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Cranio dell’esemplare giovanile di Australopithecus africanus descritto da Raymond Dart nel 1925 (a SINISTRA); ricostruzione (a DESTRA). FONTI: cranio – Didier Descouens [CC 4.0], da Wikipedia; ricostruzione – © Emiliano Troco. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/81c0e60f-10eb-4b62-9697-57340ffc8501/Screenshot+%28201%29.png 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Struttura scheletrica di uno degli esemplari meglio conosciuti di Australopithecus afarensis (a SINISTRA) e di un Homo sapiens moderno (a DESTRA). FONTE: C. Stringer e P. Andrews (2006). Storia completa dell’evoluzione umana. Modena: Logos, p. 188. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/00f0a087-2cf2-4c40-9dca-519ade6bce7d/Zeray+Alemseged_0003.jpg 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Il paleoantropologo etiope Zeresenay Alemseged mostra un reperto fossile appartenente a un giovane Australopithecus afarensis risalente a 3,3 milioni di anni e scoperto presso Didika, in Etiopia, nel 2000. FONTE: M. Benton (a cura di) (2008). The Seventy Great Mysteries of the World. Londra: Thames & Hudson, p. 53. © Kenneth Garrett. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/70bc9297-e82e-45a1-b3eb-1b1bac428bdd/Screenshot+%28209%29+new.PNG 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana. FONTE: traduzione e adattamento di Leonardo Ambasciano, diagramma originale di T. Michael Keesey [CC 2.0], da Flickr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2ea1270b-260a-4eea-8c9a-c531dbb55950/Screenshot+%28216%29.png 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Il folto cespuglio dell’evoluzione degli omìnini umani aggiornato al 2019. Nuovi fossili e nuove scoperte paleogenetiche permettono di aggiornare costantemente le relazioni filogenetiche tra queste specie. LEGENDA dei generi elencati: S.: Sahelanthropus; O.: Orrorin; Ar.: Ardipithecus; Au.: Australopithecus; P.: Paranthropus; K.: Kenyanthropus; H.: Homo. Nota bene: a seconda dei criteri considerati, alcune specie sono talvolta considerate sinonimi di altre: H. georgicus è considerato da alcuni paleoantropologi H. erectus; H. ergaster include i primissimi rappresentanti africani di H. erectus; H. rudolfensis è inglobato in H. habilis; il genere Kenyanthropus è considerato talvolta uno dei primissimi rappresentanti di Homo assieme a H. rudolfensis; H. rhodesiensis è ritenuto sinonimo di H. heidelbergensis; la datazione di H. naledi è incerta. FONTE: modificato da Bernard Wood (2019). Human Evolution: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 83. Una versione meno aggiornata dello schema è stata pubblicata nella prima edizione disponibile in italiano come Evoluzione umana, Codice edizioni, Torino 2008, p. 82. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/2fd6d2aa-c666-44fc-9fc6-aaae5b71b119/1024px-Sahelanthropus_tchadensis_-_TM_266-01-060-1.jpg 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Cranio di Sahelanthropus. FONTE: Didier Descouens [CC 4.0], da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/ea45d598-50f4-4046-919d-53a56ec6fb91/Screenshot+%28197%29+new.PNG 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Evoluzione tecnologica. La produzione di pietre scheggiate prodotte dagli omìnini come utensili. LEGENDA: MAF: milioni di anni fa. FONTE: traduzione e adattamento di Leonardo Ambasciano; schema originale di T. Michael Keesey da Kane, J., E. Willoughby & T. Michael Keesey (2016). God’s Word or Human Reason? An Inside Perspective on Creationism. Portland: Inkwater Press, p. 205; unifacciale del Lomekwiano ripreso da Harmand, S., Lewis, J., Feibel, C. et al. (2015). “3.3-million-year-old Stone Tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya”. Nature 521: 310-315, p. 313. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14464. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/761b1fff-dce9-484d-bea5-a53c0aae6cc7/Laetoli.png 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Nuove impronte di australopitecine descritte nel 2016 e rinvenute presso Laetoli, in Tanzania. FONTE: Masao, F. I. et al. (2016). “New Footprints from Laetoli (Tanzania) Provide Evidence for Marked Body Size Variation in Early Hominins”. eLife Sciences 5. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19568. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/840faf43-fc42-4687-8414-3d448bebf223/Filogenesi+primati+9+_+hominin+skulls.png 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Selezione rappresentativa del cranio di alcuni ominidi (non in scala); la freccia del tempo va da sinistra (specie meno recenti) verso destra (specie più recenti). FONTE: Composizione di Leonardo Ambasciano. Fotografie da Phillip L. Walker e Edward H. Hagen, Human Evolution: A Multimedia Guide to the Fossil Record. Student Edition CD-ROM. W.W. Norton & Co © 2003 Regents of the University of California. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/720ff873-da3f-4593-b602-b2ba6bf80703/Scan+capacit%C3%A0+cranica.jpg 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Aumento della capacità cranica degli ominidi nel corso degli ultimi 3 milioni di anni. Ogni specie mostra una gamma di variazioni significative al suo interno. L’aumento del volume del cervello è correlato alla necessità di tenere conto mentalmente dei complessi rapporti sociali all’interno di gruppi sempre più numerosi. FONTE: C. Stringer e P. Andrews (2006). Storia completa dell’evoluzione umana. Modena: Logos, p. 131. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/211de76b-c021-4e9d-92a0-211cb4749f68/ibridazioni+%281%29.jpg 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Episodi di ibridazione tra le varie popolazioni arcaiche di Homo. TRADUZIONE: freccia grigia in alto a destra = episodi di ibridazioni tra popolazioni diverse; Ancestral humans = omìnini umani ancestrali; Estimated number of years ago in alto a destra = Quadro cronologico di riferimento; 2 million = 2 milioni di anni fa; Archaic Homo (“Ghosts”) = popolazioni “fantasma” di Homo “arcaici”; Denisovans = Denisova; Neanderthals = Neanderthal; Modern Humans = esseri umani moderni; Europeans = popolazioni europee; East Asians = popolazioni dell’Asia orientale; Melanesians = popolazioni melanesiane; Africans = popolazioni africane; Present day = oggi. FONTE: Pikaia. Il portale dell’evoluzione, da Science. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/59548d24-0b23-4685-8691-5a2e54c03290/Benton+01.PNG 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Colonizzazione delle terre emerse da parte di Homo sapiens. Date indicative ricavate da alcuni dei ritrovamenti più significativi. TRADUZIONE: BP (Before Present, ossia prima del 1950 per convenzione cronologica) = anni fa; France=Francia; Israel=Israele; Ethiopia=Etiopia; Brazil=Brasile; Chile=Cile: Peru=Perù; China = Cina. FONTE: Benton, M. (2015). Vertebrate Evolution. 4th edition. Wiley-Blackwell, fig. 11.20, p. 426. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/d83f6b0e-2549-4e37-b5e2-759ebd9c3c4e/Eva+mitocondriale_0001.jpg 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Uno dei primi alberi filogenetici elaborati a partire dall’analisi del DNA mitocondriale. La divergenza genetica indica chiaramente una discendenza a partire da antenati africani (in basso a destra). FONTE: C. Stringer e P. Andrews (2006). Storia completa dell’evoluzione umana. Modena: Logos, p. 179. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c99fb745-f8cc-4b48-8858-24c41ff00c14/80691723_2871258939592203_8921664229421875200_n.jpg 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Gli studi paleogenetici rivelano la diversità degli antichi abitanti d’Europa. Il genoma ricavato da una gomma da masticare prodotta dalla corteccia di betulla nella Danimarca di 5.700 anni fa ha permesso di identificare sia il consumatore, una ragazza appartenente a una popolazione di cacciatori-raccoglitori eurasiatici dalla pelle scura, dai capelli castano scuro e dagli occhi chiari, sia i suoi ultimi pasti (nocciole e anatre). I ricercatori sono riusciti anche a stabilire l’intolleranza al lattosio della ragazza. FONTE: © Tom Björklund; illustrazione riprodotta su The Guardian, 17 dicembre 2019; studio originale pubblicato su Nature. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/06cac027-e303-4ab0-8159-0ec367a59752/1024px-Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison_en_blackbackground.png 2.2. Il cespuglio dell’evoluzione umana - Make it stand out Confronto tra un cranio di Homo sapiens moderno (A SINISTRA) e H. neanderthalensis (A DESTRA). FONTE: hairymuseummatt (original photo), DrMikeBaxter (derivative work) [CC 2.0], da Wikipedia. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/novit-e-continuit-tra-pleistocene-e-olocene daily 0.75 2025-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/76a9cab5-d6f5-48f0-913c-2bc1dc37def9/Screenshot+%28182%29+new.PNG 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Primi esempi di espressione artistico-simbolica. A SINISTRA, conchiglia incisa con un motivo a zig-zag e proveniente dal sito di Trinil, in Indonesia, risalente probabilmente a circa 500.000 anni fa e attribuita a H. erectus; a DESTRA, un complesso schema geometrico inciso da H. sapiens su un pezzo di ocra proveniente dalla caverna di Blombos in Sudafrica, e risalente a circa 73.000 anni fa. FONTI: Trinil, © Wim Lustenhouwer/ Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, da Science; Blombos, © Francesco D’Errico/Christopher Henshilwood/Nature, da Phys.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/f94e03d2-aa81-4cad-84c3-8eda7fc2e60a/Filogenesi+primati+9+_+bonobo+chimp+numbers+pictograms.jpg 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Capacità cognitive dei pànini. A DESTRA: test cognitivi per misurare le capacità mnemoniche degli scimpanzé; A SINISTRA: la primatologa Sue Savage-Rumbaugh con i bonobo Kanzi e Panbanisha. Kanzi è capace di comunicare con gli esseri umani combinando gesti a oltre 350 simboli (detti lessigrammi) disponibili su tavole. FONTI: scimpanzé – The Independent, fotogramma da filmato BBC; bonobo e lessigrammi – William H. Calvin, PhD da Wikipedia [CC 4.0]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/7ad63a37-c290-4733-8a74-ad989a477893/Immagine+2025-02-14+172349+DUNBAR.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Tre ordini di intenzionalità: un esempio di teoria della mente in ambito sociale. L’estraneo al centro possiede una falsa credenza sull’intenzionalità altrui (in questo caso della moglie a sinistra). La capacità computazionale del cervello umano ha come limite cinque o sei livelli di intenzionalità: «Pietro crede [1] che Giovanna pensi [2] che Sara voglia [3] che Pietro supponga [4] che Giovanna intenda [5] che Sara creda [6] che la palla è sotto il cuscino». FONTE: disegno di Arran Dunbar da R.Dunbar, La scimmia pensante. Storia dell’evoluzione umana. Bologna: il Mulino 2009, p. 57. Citazione da ibi, p. 56. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/c4c7affc-c08f-4276-8959-fdf558c2489c/Screenshot+%28187%29.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Gli esseri umani adulti mostrano tratti simili a quelli esibiti dai pànini da piccoli – si tratta degli effetti della neotenia. Nell’immagine, un piccolo (SINISTRA) e un adulto (DESTRA) di scimpanzé. FONTE: Adolf Naef, 1926, da Memorial University; ripubblicato in S. J. Gould, Ontogenesi e filogenesi. A cura di Maria Turchetto. Milano: Mimesis, 2013, p. 318. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/46f4fb1e-03b0-4b6f-a979-b25b7944d62f/1024px-Macaca_fuscata_grooming%2C_Iwatayama%2C_20081122.jpg 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Attività di toelettatura tra due macachi. FONTE: Noneotuho (talk) da Wikipedia [CC 3.0]. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/52800de7-dea9-494e-8113-3849ae816b48/cantastorie+x2.jpg 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Gli omìnini cantastorie. A SINISTRA: un gruppo di cacciatori-raccoglitori !Kung San raccolto attorno a un narratore nel 1947; A DESTRA: un cantastorie nella Sicilia di inizio Novecento. Dai racconti orali alla lettura di un libro, dal teatro al cinema, dai pettegolezzi ai rapporti diplomatici sulle relazioni internazionali tra stati, la narrazione di storie è una costante di tutte le popolazioni umane. In particolare, come ha scritto lo studioso di letteratura Jonathan Gottschall, «la finzione, espressa con qualsiasi mezzo narrativo, è un’antica e potente tecnologia di realtà virtuale che simula i grandi dilemmi della vita umana. […] Nel corso dell’evoluzione gli esseri umani hanno sviluppato un desiderio fortissimo per le storie. Questo desiderio, nell’insieme, è stato un bene per noi. Le storie ci donano piacere e ci istruiscono. Simulano dei mondi che ci consentono di vivere meglio in questo che abbiamo. Ci aiutano a riunirci in comunità e a definirci come culture. Senza dubbio hanno rappresentato un grande vantaggio per la nostra specie». FONTI: !Kung San: J. Gottschall, L’istinto di narrare. Come le storie ci hanno reso umani. Trad. di Giuliana Olivero. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri 2014, p. 37 © Corbis. Cantastorie: opera di Eugenio Interguglielmi da Natale e capo d’anno dell’Illustrazione Italiana. La Sicilia: la Conca d’oro. Milano: F.lli Treves, 1908-1909. File digitale da E. Oliva, Reportage Sicilia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/480b7a5f-117c-4b46-9cde-5f750e94e64e/Screenshot+%28188%29.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Due esempi di teriantropi. A SINISTRA il cosiddetto “uomo-leone” ricavato da una zanna di mammut, proveniente dalla grotta di Hohlenstein-Stadel, in Germania, e risalente a circa 40.000-35.000 anni fa, così come appare dopo la restaurazione del 2013; a DESTRA, la più antica raffigurazione artistica parietale, datata 44.000 anni fa e scoperta sull’isola indonesiana di Sulawesi. La scena rappresenta probabilmente una battuta di caccia al bufalo da parte di un gruppo di teriantropi (le figurine sulla sinistra). FONTI: “uomo-leone”, Dagmar Hollmann [CC 4.0], da Wikipedia; Sulawesi, © Ratno Sardi, da Scientific American. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/716fc17c-4437-410f-9916-7163785dc41d/pareidolia.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Esempi di pareidolia. Il cervello umano esamina costantemente e automaticamente l’ambiente circostante alla ricerca di schemi familiari, assegnando spesso intenzionalità antropomorfica al mondo esterno. La personificazione di entità o forze non intenzionali in natura, tipica di favole, leggende, miti e religioni, è un prodotto secondario dell’importanza della vita sociale dei primati e della selezione che i predatori hanno esercitato sui nostri antenati: la capacità di riconoscere immediatamente la presenza di eventuali esseri animati è evolutivamente conveniente per interagire, nel caso si tratti di un membro della stessa comunità, o per scappare, qualora si tratti invece di un pericoloso competitore o di un predatore. Non di rado, però, queste identificazioni si rivelano erronee. A SINISTRA, un gioco di ombre tra i crateri della superficie di Marte produce l’impressione di un volto umano, citata nel passato recente da non scienziati come “prova” dell’abitazione di Marte da parte di esseri alieni. A DESTRA: bastano alcune semplici linee per suggerire automaticamente un volto umano. FONTI: Marte – NASA da Wikipedia; volto – emojione project [CC 4.0] da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/b4dcf5d1-4bf1-41cb-9a0f-f4e11d808d11/Screenshot+%28218%29.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Rituali collettivi, uso di sostanze psicotrope e presenza di specialisti ritenuti capaci di gestire i rapporti della comunità con il mondo degli spiriti sono tratti comportamentali e sociali condivisi da tutte le popolazioni di Homo sapiens. IN ALTO A SINISTRA, ricostruzione di un teriantropo cacciatore, talvolta interpretato come uno sciamano impegnato in una danza propiziatoria, proveniente dalla grotta francese de Les Trois Frères, risalente a circa 17.000 anni fa; IN ALTO A DESTRA, la più antica raffigurazione europea di uno sciamano siberiano con tamburo, risalente al XVII secolo; IN BASSO A SINISTRA, una scena di danze propiziatorie con un teriantropo presso i San, Sudafrica; IN BASSO A DESTRA, una sacca di proprietà di uno sciamano boliviano risale a circa 1.000 anni fa e contenente diversi strumenti e sostanze psicotrope e allucinogene di origine vegetale a uso rituale. FONTI: teriantropo, Les Trois Frères, schizzo di Henri Breuil, 1930, Wellcome Images da Wikipedia [CC 4.0]; sciamano 17° secolo, di Nicolaes Witzen, [CC 4.0], da Wikipedia; San, disegno di Harald Pager da Lewis-Williams, D. (2001). “Southern African shamanistic Rock Art in Its Social and Cognitive Contexts”, pp. 17-29. illustrazione a p. 22. In The Archaeology of Shamanism, a cura di N. S. Price, London and New York: Routledge; sacca dello sciamano boliviano da Miller, M. J., et al. (2019), “Chemical Evidence for the Use of Multiple Psychotropic Plants in a 1,000-year-old Ritual Bundle from South America.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (23): 11207-11212. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902174116. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/23d40d4e-6968-4d3b-b8f5-2c800ca49f0f/mammut+new+2.PNG 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out A SINISTRA: Megafauna pleistocenica della penisola iberica; A DESTRA: ricostruzione di un accampamento stagionale ucraino, presso Mežyrič, costruito interamente con ossa di mammut e risalente a circa 17.500 anni fa. Le fondamenta sono costituite da 25 crani di mammut pesanti 7,5 tonnellate, mentre le mura esterne contano ben 95 mandibole. FONTI: fotografia di Paul Bahn da João Zilhão, “The Upper Palaeolithic of Europe”, in The Cambridge World Prehistory. Volume 3: West and Central Asia and Europe, a cura di C. Renfrew e P. Bahn, p. 1765. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014 (da Università di Lisbona); illustrazione di Mauricio Antón [CC 2.5] da C. Sedwick (2008). “What Killed the Woolly Mammoth?” PLoS Biology 6(4): e99. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060099. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/6c9d06e1-422c-4a9b-8f32-a312002ead62/estinzioni+oloceniche.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Estinzioni oloceniche. A SINISTRA: lo scheletro di un Dinornis, notro come moa, accanto al naturalista inglese che ne descrisse i resti nel 1843, Richard Owen. Il moa, un uccello non volatore alto fino a 3,6 metri, si è estinto circa duecento anni dopo l’arrivo degli esseri umani in Nuova Zelanda, a partire dal 1280 EV. A DESTRA: il tilacino, un carnivoro marsupiale australiano. L’ultimo tilacino, noto impropriamente come tigre o come lupo della Tasmania, è morto in cattività nel 1936. FONTI: moa – R. Owen, Memoirs on the Extinct Wingless Birds of New Zealand. Vol. 2. Londra: John van Voorst, 1879, tavola XCVII, da Wikipedia; tilacino – Report of the Smithsonian Institution (1904), da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/a6b7141f-fe29-4e9f-8796-bbf9210d74ff/agricoltura.PNG 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Una serie di rivoluzioni agricole indipendenti ha sostituito l’idea di un’unica Rivoluzione Neolitica avvenuta nella cosiddetta Mezzaluna Fertile (A). LEGENDA: (A) Asia occidentale o Medio Oriente; (B) Asia meridionale; (C) Asia orientale; (D) Nuova Guinea; (E) Africa e penisola arabica; (F) America settentrionale; (G) Mesoamerica o America centrale; (H) America meridionale. TRADUZIONE: verde: transizione tra Pleistocene e Olocene (12,000–8,200 anni fa); viola: Olocene medio (8.200–4.200 anni fa); marrone: esistenza di un centro agricolo dedotta sulla base di dati biogeografici; frecce: diffusione locale. FONTE: Larson, G. et al. (2014). “Present and Future of Domestication Studies.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (17): 6139-6146. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323964111. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/afc90434-471c-49ea-99a4-ba12a49a90e7/Screenshot+%28192%29.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Tra Paleolitico e Neolitico in Eurasia. IN ALTO A SINISTRA: una delle strutture di Göbekli Tepe, nell’attuale Turchia, risalente al 9.100 AEV e costruita da popolazioni semi-nomadi; IN BASSO A SINISTRA, il complesso architettonico di Stonehenge, in Inghilterra, costruito tra 3.000 e 2.000 anni AEV; A SINISTRA, un giovane sepolto oltre 23.000 anni fa presso la caverna delle Arene Candide a Finale Ligure, con un ricco corredo di ornamenti e utensili ricavati da ossa e denti di cervo, di mammut e da conchiglie. FONTI: Göbekli Tepe, opera di Zhengan [CC 4.0] da Wikipedia; Stonehenge, opera di garethwiscombe [CC 2.0], da Wikipedia; Arene Candide: © Musei di Genova. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/198b9473-ddac-4ebc-87df-6a45e0aa6c12/urbanizzazione+cahokia.jpg 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Urbanizzazione nell’America settentrionale. L’insediamento urbano precolombiano di Cahokia costruito lungo il corso del Mississippi, in Illinois (Stati Uniti), a partire dal 600 EV e abbandonato dopo il 1350 EV. Nel suo periodo di massima espansione, Cahokia era una degli insediamenti urbani più popolosi del pianeta. A SINISTRA: il tumulo centrale dell’insediamento, alto 30 metri, come appare oggi; A DESTRA: ricostruzione del sito. FONTE: fotografia da The Guardian © Alamy; ricostruzione da The Guardian © Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/cc4e5127-e53a-4bb9-b1b8-c9005ef9901c/neolitico+asia+occidentale+001+harappa+catalhoyuk.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Lo sviluppo dell’ultrasocialità nel Neolitico. A SINISTRA: Ricostruzione (in alto) e pianta (in basso) di Çatalhöyük, un centro densamente popolato nell’attuale Turchia, così come doveva apparire dopo il 7.000 AEV. A DESTRA: un esempio della civiltà della valle dell’Indo, fiorita verso il 2500 AEV – resti archeologici dell’insediamento di Harappa, nell’attuale Pakistan. Le piante regolari delle città di questa zona (tra cui l’altrettanto nota Mohenjodaro) sembrano invece indicare uno sviluppo urbano pianificato. FONTI: ricostruzione di Çatalhöyük © Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images, da D. Christian, C.Stokes Brown e C. Benjamin (2014). Big History: Between Nothing and Everything. New York: McGraw Hill, p. 120; pianta da C.Renfrew e P. Bahn (2017). Archeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice. 7th ed. Londra: Thames & Hudson. p. 402; Harappa: Smn121 [CC 3.0], da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/cf595b47-b7e4-4556-a2d6-03de24846eea/Afroeurasia+commerci.jpg 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Reti commerciali afroasiatiche intorno al 2300 AEV. FONTE: Christian, D., C. Stokes Brown e C. Benjamin (2014). Big History: Between Nothing and Everything. New York: McGraw Hill, p. 139, mappa 6.3. Traduzione: Mediterranean Sea = Mar Mediterraneo; Anatolia = nome identico in italiano; Nile = Nilo; Sudan = Sudan; Arabian Penisula = Penisola arabica; Red Sea = Mar Rosso; Euphrates = Eufrate; Tigris = Tigri; Black Sea = Mar Nero; Caspian Sea = Mar Caspio; Persian Gulf = Golfo Persico; Iranian Plateau = Altopiano iranico; Arabian Sea = Mar Arabico; Indian Ocean = Oceano Indiano; Khyber Pass = passo del Khaiber; Hindu Kush = identico in italiano; Tarim Basin = Bacino del Tarim; Tibetan Plateau = altopiano del Tibet; Deccan Plateau = altopiano del Deccan; Himalayas = Himalya; Bay of Bengal = Golfo del Bengala; Indus = Indo; Ganges = Gange; Harappa / Mohenjodaro = nomi identici in italiano. LEGENDA (dall’alto): Harappan Society = Civiltà della valle dell’Indo; Egypt = Egitto; Mesopotamia; (freccia) rotte commerciali. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/916af36b-6d6a-4cd8-bae3-2bb23a02d247/grandezimbabwe.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Urbanizzazione nell’Africa meridionale. I bastioni e le cinte murarie del Grande Zimbabwe, un insediamento del Regno di Zimbabwe eretto e occupato tra 1000 e 1400 EV: A SINISTRA, fotografia di una parte del sito attuale; A DESTRA. schema parziale del sito. Nonostante l’archeologa Gertrude Caton-Thompson avesse già confermato un’origine Bantu, e pertanto africana, nel 1931, esploratori e archeologi occidentali hanno a lungo ritenuto questo sito l’opera di culture ritenute più avanzate, legandolo a influenze indirette o all’intervento diretto di genti provenienti da altrove, quali navigatori fenici, ipotetici mercanti della penisola arabica o viaggiatori portoghesi. Queste interpretazioni razziali, diffusioniste e migrazioniste sono state dimostrate false. TRADUZIONE: West entrance = ingresso Ovest; North entrance = ingresso Nord; northeast entrance = ingresso Nord-Est; Passage = passaggio; Enclosure 1,4,5,6,7,15 = cinta muraria 1,4,5,6,7,15; Platform/platforms = piattaforma/piattaforme; Conical tower = torre conica; Monoliths (restored) = monoliti (restaurati). FONTI: fotografia di Janice Bell [CC 4.0] da Wikipedia; schema da C. Renfrew & P. Bahn (2017). Archeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice. 7th ed. Londra: Thames & Hudson. p. 480. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/5cd33d60-155d-49e8-bf3a-30aa1c5c464f/varna+%2B+Murcia.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Nuove gerarchie e simboli di potere e autorità. A SINISTRA: sepoltura da Varna, Bulgaria, risalente al 4.000 AEV, con ricche decorazioni e ornamenti in oro; A DESTRA: diadema femminile d’argento rinvenuto presso La Almoloya in Spagna e risalente al 1.650 AEV. FONTI: Varna: Yelkrokoyade [CC 1.0] da Wikipedia; La Almoloya: © J. A. Soldevilla/Arqueoecologia Social Mediterrània Research Group/Autonomous University of Barcelona; da Lul, V. et al. (2021), “Emblems and Spaces of Power During the Argaric Bronze Age at La Almoloya, Murcia.” Antiquity 95(380): 329-348. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.8. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/81b94851-956d-447d-9f2f-3b549c69caad/Immagine1.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Cambiamenti indotti da ultrasocialità, agricoltura e allevamento. In alto: il mondo intorno al 12.000 AEV; in basso, il mondo nel 1960. TRADUZIONE: in alto: “12,000 BC” = 12.000 AEV. LEGENDA: “World population: 10 million” = Popolazione mondiale: 10 milioni; “Hunters: 100%” = Cacciatori-raccoglitori: 100% . In basso: 1960; “World population: 3 billion” = Popolazione mondiale: 3 miliardi; “Hunters: 0,001%” = Cacciatori-raccoglitori: 0,001% FONTE: C. Renfrew & P. Bahn (2017). Archeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice. 7th ed. Londra: Thames & Hudson. p. 402 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/e52f7311-9395-4c45-acb8-b91b1e104dab/insetti+eusociali+_+Homo+sapiens.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Paralleli tra le colonie di insetti eusociali e Homo sapiens moderno: A SINISTRA IN ALTO, la skyline della città di New York; A DESTRA IN ALTO, termitai in Namibia; IN BASSO A SINISTRA, un pastore con il suo gregge di pecore; IN BASSO A DESTRA, una formica intenta a controllare il suo “gregge” di afidi, produttori di melata. FONTI: skyline di New York, autore CommunistSquared [CC1.0], da Wikipedia; termitai in Namibia, autore Olga Ernst [CC 4.0], da Wikipedia; pastore e gregge di pecore, autore CamDib [CC 4.0], da Wikipedia; formica e afidi, autore viamoi [CC 2.0], da Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/32a292fc-9780-4694-ae51-3c28ff7ffc47/Immagine2.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Nascita delle prime forme di scrittura. FONTE: C. Renfrew e P. Bahn (2017). Archeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice. 7th ed. Londra: Thames & Hudson. p. 402. TRADUZIONE e adattamento: AMERICHE, dall’alto verso il basso – ideogrammi sillabici zapotechi/miztechi, ca. 600 AEV; Sistema logosillabico Maya, ca. 350 AEV; scrittura rongorongo (Isola di Pasqua), ca. 1500 EV. AFROEURASIA, da sinistra verso destra: Alfabeto runico, 2° secolo EV; Alfabeto etrusco, ca. 700 AEV; scritture dell’Egeo: Lineare A (Creta), 18° secolo AEV; Lineare B, (Creta e Grecia), ca. 1450 AEV; alfabeto greco (Creta, Grecia, costa anatolica), ca. 750 AEV; geroglifici ittiti, ca. 1450 AEV.; scrittura cuneiforme mesopotamica, ca. 3100 AEV; geroglifici egiziani, ca. 3000 AEV; alfabeto fenicio, ca. 1000 AEV; scrittura dell’Indo, ca. 2500 AEV; alfabeto brahmi, ca. 350 AEV; logogrammi cinesi, 1200 AEV; sistema di scrittura giapponese, 5° secolo EV. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/aafccfd4-0161-4e5e-a383-e8993649dc40/Immagine3.jpg 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Guerra, violenza, schiavitù. Le conseguenze dell’accumulo di potere nelle prime città-stato: processione di schiavi in ceppi, terza dinastia di Ur, Mesopotamia, circa 2000 AEV. FONTE: Iraq Museum (Dr. Ahmed Kamel), da Scott, J. C. (2017). Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. New Haven and London: Yale Unversity Press, p. 162. Trad. italiana Le origini della civiltà. Una controstoria. Torino: Einaudi 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/fbbe133c-b6ac-43eb-ad94-3e1446afc797/Immagine4.png 2.3. Novità e continuità tra Pleistocene e Olocene - Make it stand out Conseguenze a lungo termine della civiltà: l’aumento della popolazione mondiale negli ultimi 10.000 anni, in particolare dopo la rivoluzione industriale, rappresenta un grave rischio per la sostenibilità del sistema Terra. TRADUZIONE (scritte in basso, da sinistra verso destra): 4 milioni di abitanti nel 10.000 AEV – Il tasso di crescita media dal 10.000 AEV al 1700 è di appena 0.04% all’anno – 190 milioni di persone nell’anno 0 – Verso la metà del 14° secolo EV la peste nera uccide 200 milioni di persone in Europa. FONTE: Ourworldindata.org. https://www.leonardoambasciano.com/appendici daily 0.75 2025-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/d1ccb1da-929a-490d-b868-07d59c1efd20/barbujanidisotelltestdellarazza05.PNG 3. Appendici - Make it stand out Selezione esemplificativa di immagini dal “test della razza” di Guido Barbujani e Todd Disotell. FONTE: immagini modificate da guidobarbujani.it. Legenda: etnia e/o regione di provenienza – 1: Australia, Oceania; 2: Iran, Asia; 3: Turchia, Asia; 4: Galles, Regno Unito, Europa; 5. Isole Andamanesi, India, Asia; 6: Māori, Nuova Zelanda, Oceania; 7: Dani, Nuova Guinea, Oceania; 8: Hopi, USA, America settentrionale; 9: Inuit, Canada, America settentrionale; 10: Kabil, Algeria, Africa; 11: Kazakhistan, Asia; 12: Bosnia, Europa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5d9214ee5744555d4d7ffb86/018c8118-3676-48b5-8bb4-9288c27c3197/Immagine5.png 3. Appendici - Make it stand out Latitudine e pigmentazione epidermica. Negli esseri umani la pigmentazione della pelle, ossia la presenza di melanina capace di conferire protezione dagli effetti nocivi dei raggi ultravioletti, cerca di bilanciare la sintesi della vitamina D (che necessita della luce solare) e la conservazione della vitamina B9, o folacina, presente nel sangue (e che invece è fotosensibile), seguendo un gradiente geografico Nord-Sud. FONTE: Jones, P. et al. (2018). “The Vitamin D–Folate Hypothesis as an Evolutionary Model for Skin Pigmentation: An Update and Integration of Current Ideas.” Nutrients. 10(5): 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050554.